Abstract
This study demonstrates a rapid method for the identification of volatile and endogenous compounds in cinnamon through a coated direct intracavity probe (CDIP) coupled to the atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) source for mass spectrometry direct injection. Sixty-seven molecular ions were screened from quadrupole-time-of-flight (Q-ToF) mass spectrometer data as fingerprint ions of four varieties of cinnamons. Electronic nose and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) as comparisons were used to analyze the cinnamons. The principal component analysis (PCA) results showed that both GC-MS and CDIP-APCI-Q-ToF method could be used to identify different kinds of cinnamons effectively. Part of the fingerprint ions obtained via CDIP-APCI-Q-ToF could be matched to the compounds detected by GC-MS. These findings indicated that CDIP-APCI-Q-ToF direct injection considerably shortened sample analysis time and achieved a faster, more efficient, and sensitive identification of different varieties of cinnamons.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ampuero S, Bosset JO (2003) The electronic nose applied to dairy products: a review. Sens Actuators B Chem 94:1–12
Arshak K, Moore EG, Lyons GM, Harris J, Clifford S (2013) A review of gas sensors employed in electronic nose applications. Sens Rev 24:181–198
Avula B, Smillie TJ, Wang YH, Zweigenbaum J, Khan IA (2015) Authentication of true cinnamon (Cinnamon verum) utilising direct analysis in real time (DART)-QToF-MS Food additives & contaminants Part A. Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 32:1–8. https://doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2014.981763
Bandara T, Uluwaduge I, Jansz ER (2012) Bioactivity of cinnamon with special emphasis on diabetes mellitus: a review. Int J Food Sci Nutr 63:380–386
Burdock GA (2002) Fenaroli's handbook of flavor ingredients. Fenarolis Handbook of Flavor Ingredients
Capone DL, Leeuwen KV, Taylor DK (2011) Evolution and occurrence of 1,8-cineole (Eucalyptol) in Australian wine. J Agric Food Chem 59:953–959
Chen P, Sun J, Ford P (2014) Differentiation of the four major species of cinnamons (C. burmannii, C. verum, C. cassia, and C. loureiroi) using a flow injection mass spectrometric (FIMS) fingerprinting method. J Agric Food Chem 62:2516–2521
Chong J, Wishart DS, Xia J (2019) Using MetaboAnalyst 4.0 for comprehensive and integrative metabolomics data analysis. Curr Protoc Bioinformatics 68:e86. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpbi.86
Ding Y, Wu EQ, Liang C, Chen J, Tran MN, Hong CH, Jang Y, Park KL, Bae KH, Kim YH, Kang JS (2011) Discrimination of cinnamon bark and cinnamon twig samples sourced from various countries using HPLC-based fingerprint analysis. Food Chem 127:755–760
Dugalic K, Sudar R, Viljevac M, Cupic T (2014) Sorbitol and sugar composition in plum fruits influenced by climatic conditions. J Agric Sci Technol 16:1145–1155
Durak A, Gawlikdziki U, Pecio Ł (2014) Coffee with cinnamon – Impact of phytochemicals interactions on antioxidant and anti-inflammatory in vitro activity. Food Chem 162:81–88
Feider CL, Krieger A, DeHoog RJ, Eberlin LS (2019) Ambient ionization mass spectrometry: recent developments and applications. Anal Chem 91:4266–4290
He Z-D, Qiao CF, Han QB, Cheng CL, Xu HX, Jiang RW, But PPH, Shaw PC (2005) Authentication and quantitative analysis on the chemical profile of cassia bark (cortex cinnamomi) by high-pressure liquid chromatography. J Agric Food Chem 53:2424–2428
Kawatra P, Rajagopalan R (2015) Cinnamon: mystic powers of a minute ingredient. Pharm Res 7:S1–S6
Krieger S, Schmitz OJ (2014) Non-destructive plasticizer screening using a direct inlet probe-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization source and ion trap mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 28:1862–1870
Krieger S, Trotha AV, Leung KS, Schmitz OJ (2013) Development, optimization, and use of an APCI source with temperature-controlled vaporization of solid and liquid samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 405:1373–1381
Kumar A, Gaurav, Malik AK, Tewary DK, Singh B (2008) A review on development of solid phase microextraction fibers by sol-gel methods and their applications. Anal Chim Acta 610:1–14
Lebedev AT (2015) Ambient ionization mass spectrometry. Russ Chem Rev 84:665–692
Lee R, Balick MJ (2005) Sweet wood—cinnamon and its importance as a spice and medicine. Explore 1:61–64
Lenzen C, Winterfeld GA, Schmitz OJ (2016) Comparison of piracetam measured with HPLC-DAD, HPLC-ESI-MS, DIP-APCI-MS, and a newly developed and optimized DIP-ESI-MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 408:4103–4110
Mancinifilho J, Vankoiij A, Mancini DA, Cozzolino FF, Torres RP (1998) Antioxidant activity of cinnamon (Cinnamomum Zeylanicum, Breyne) extracts. Boll Chim Farm 137:443–447
Ranasinghe P, Pigera S, Premakumara GS, Galappaththy P, Constantine GR, Katulanda P (2013) Medicinal properties of ‘true’ cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum): a systematic review. BMC Complement Altern Med 13:275–275
Shahwar D, Ullah S, Khan MA, Ahmad N, Saeed A, Ullah S (2015) Anticancer activity of Cinnamon tamala leaf constituents towards human ovarian cancer cells. Pak J Pharm Sci 28:969–972
Shan B, Cai Y, Brooks JD, Corke H (2007) Antibacterial properties and major bioactive components of cinnamon stick (Cinnamomum burmannii): activity against foodborne pathogenic bacteria. J Agric Food Chem 55:5484–5490
Tronczyński J, Munschy C, Héas-Moisan K, Guiot N, Truquet I, Olivier N, Men S, Furaut A (2004) Contamination of the Bay of Biscay by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) following the T/V "Erika" oil spill. Aquat Living Resour 17:243–259
Viehbeck S, Matysik FM (2016) Application of direct analysis in real time (DART) and direct inlet probe (DIP-APCI) mass spectrometry in the context of industrial sample analysis. Monatshefte für Chemie – Chem Mon 147:1349–1352
Wang R, Wang R, Yang B (2009) Extraction of essential oils from five cinnamon leaves and identification of their volatile compound compositions. Innovative Food Sci Emerg Technol 10:289–292
Wang YH, Avula B, Nanayakkara NP, Zhao J, Khan IA (2013) Cassia cinnamon as a source of coumarin in cinnamon-flavored food and food supplements in the United States. J Agric Food Chem 61:4470–4476
Yu C, Yao Z, Hu B (2009) Preparation of polydimethylsiloxane/β-cyclodextrin/divinylbenzene coated "dumbbell-shaped" stir bar and its application to the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycles compounds in lake water and soil by high performance liquid chromatography. Anal Chim Acta 641:75–82
Zhao Z-Y, Qin L, Dong M, Zhang YY, Huang XH, du M, Zhou DY, Zhu BW (2019a) High-throughput, rapid quantification of phthalic acid esters and alkylphenols in fish using a coated direct inlet probe coupled with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization. J Agric Food Chem 67:7174–7182
Zhao Z-Y, Qin L, Huang XH, Zhang YY, du M, Xu XB, Zhou DY, Zhu BW (2019b) Coated direct inlet probe coupled with atmospheric-pressure chemical ionization and high-resolution mass spectrometry for fast quantitation of target analytes. J Chromatogr A 1596:20–29
Funding
This work received financial support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0400404) and the Central Funds Guiding the Local Science and Technology Development (2020JH6/10500002).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Ethics Approval
This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.
Informed Consent
Not applicable.
Conflict of Interest
Lei Qin declares that there is no conflict of interest. Zheng Zhou declares that there is no conflict of interest. Zi-Yuan Zhao declares that there is no conflict of interest. Xu-Hui Huang declares that there is no conflict of interest. Rong Liu declares that there is no conflict of interest. Xiu-Ping Dong declares that there is no conflict of interest. Bei-Wei Zhu declares that there is no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Qin, L., Zhou, Z., Zhao, ZY. et al. Rapid Identification of Different Cinnamon Using Coated Direct Inlet Probe Coupled with Atmospheric-Pressure Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Food Anal. Methods 14, 1402–1414 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-021-01981-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-021-01981-x