Abstract
Voltammetric approach for the simultaneous determination of gallic and ellagic acids using glassy carbon electrode modified with polyaminobenzene sulfonic acid functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes (f-SWNT) and poly(pyrocatechol violet) (polyPCV/f-SWNT/GCE) has been developed. The electrochemical PCV polymerization has been performed in potentiodynamic mode. The optimization of electrolysis conditions (supporting electrolyte, PCV concentration, polarization window, number of cycles, and potential scan rate) has been performed. The best voltammetric characteristics of gallic and ellagic acids oxidation have been registered on the poly(PCV)-modified electrode obtained by tenfold potential scanning from − 0.2 to 1.1 V at 50 mV s−1 using 50 μmol L−1 PCV in 0.1 mol L−1 H2SO4. The electrode is characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The statistically significant changes in the effective surface area of modified electrodes (38.9 ± 0.6 mm2 for f-SWNT/GCE and 49.0 ± 0.2 mm2 for polyPCV/f-SWNT/GCE vs. 8.2 ± 0.3 mm2 for GCE) have been confirmed. EIS data have shown 2.6-fold decrease of the charge transfer resistance in comparison to GCE. Under conditions of differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), the analytical ranges of 0.75–10 and 10–100 μmol L−1 for gallic acid and 0.75–7.5 and 7.5–100 μmol L−1 for ellagic acid have been obtained. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) of 0.12 and 0.41 μmol L−1 for gallic acid and 0.11 and 0.37 μmol L−1 for ellagic acid have been achieved. The approach developed has been applied for the simultaneous determination of the gallic and ellagic acids in cognac and brandy. The results obtained agree well to chromatography data.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abdel-Hamid R, Newair EF (2016) Voltammetric determination of polyphenolic content in pomegranate juice using a poly (gallic acid)/multiwalled carbon nanotube modified electrode. Beilstein J Nanotechnol 7:1104–1112. https://doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.7.103
Bagul M, Srinivasa H, Padh H, Rajani M (2005) A rapid densitometric method for simultaneous quantification of gallic acid and ellagic acid in herbal raw materials using HPTLC. J Sep Sci 28:581–584. https://doi.org/10.1002/jssc.200301695
Bansal V, Sharma A, Ghanshyam C, Singla ML (2015) Rapid HPLC method development for determination of vitamin C, phenolic acids, hydroxycinnamic acid and flavonoids in Emblica officinalis juice. J Liq Chromatogr Relat Technol 38:619–624. https://doi.org/10.1080/10826076.2014.936608
Bard AJ, Faulkner LR (2001) Electrochemical methods: fundamentals and applications, 2nd edn. Wiley, New York
Canas S, Belchior AP, Spranger MI, Bruno-de-Sousa R (2003) High-performance liquid chromatography method for analysis of phenolic acids, phenolic aldehydes, and furanic derivatives in brandies. Development and validation. J Sep Sci 26:496–502. https://doi.org/10.1002/jssc.200390066
Canas S, Belchior AP, Spranger MI, Bruno-de-Sousa R (2011) HPLC method for the quantification of phenolic acids, phenolic aldehydes, coumarins and furanic derivatives in different kinds of toasted wood used for the ageing of brandies. Anal Methods 3:186–191. https://doi.org/10.1039/C0AY00269K
Dhanani T, Shah S, Kumar S (2015) A validated high-performance liquid chromatography Method for determination of tannin-related marker constituents gallic acid, corilagin, chebulagic acid, ellagic acid and chebulinic acid in four Terminalia species from India. J Chromatogr Sci 53:625–632. https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/bmu096
Fang B, Zhang N, Zhang W, Gu A, Wang G (2009) A novel hydrogen peroxide sensor based on multiwalled carbon nanotubes/poly(pyrocatechol violet)-modified glassy carbon electrode. J Appl Polym Sci 112:3488–3493. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.29929
Garcia R, Soares B, Dias CB, Freitas AMC, Cabrita MJ (2012) Phenolic and furanic compounds of Portuguese chestnut and French, American and Portuguese oak wood chips. Eur Food Res Technol 235:457–467. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-012-1771-2
Ghaani M, Nasirizadeh N, Ardakani SAY, Mehrjardi FZ, Scampicchio M, Farris S (2016) Development of an electrochemical nanosensor for the determination of gallic acid in food. Anal Methods 8:1103–1110. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5AY02747K
Ghoreishi SM, Behpour M, Khayatkashani M, Motaghedifard MH (2011) Simultaneous determination of ellagic and gallic acid in Punica granatum, Myrtus communis and Itriphal formulation by an electrochemical sensor based on a carbon paste electrode modified with multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Anal Methods 3:636–645. https://doi.org/10.1039/C0AY00691B
Golabi SM, Zare HR, Hamzehloo M (2002) Electrochemistry and electrocatalytic activity of pyrocatechol violet (PCV) film on a glassy carbon electrode towards the oxidation of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH). Electroanalysis 14:611–618. https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-4109(200205)14:9<611::AID-ELAN611>3.0.CO;2-7
Goldberg DM, Hoffman B, Yang J, Soleas GJ (1999) Phenolic constituents, furans, and total antioxidant status of distilled spirits. J Agric Food Chem 47:3978–3985. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf9811626
Guiberteau-Cabanillas A, Godoy-Cancho B, Bernalte E, Tena-Villares M, Cabanillas CG, Martínez-Cañas MA (2015) Electroanalytical behavior of gallic and ellagic acid using graphene modified screen-printed electrodes. Method for the determination of total low oxidation potential phenolic compounds content in cork boiling waters. Electroanalysis 27:177–184. https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.201400418
Haslam E (1995) Natural polyphenols (vegetable tannins) as drugs: possible modes of action. J Nat Prod 59:205–215. https://doi.org/10.1021/np960040
Kamal YT, Yusufoglu HS, Alam P, Fouda AI (2015) Separation and Quantification of major anti-oxidant compounds in freeze dried samples of Punica granatum juice by high performance liquid chromatography. Int J Pharm Res Allied Sci 5:335–341
Kim J-H, Seo C-S, Kim S-S, Ha H (2013, 2013) Simultaneous determination of gallic acid, ellagic acid, and eugenol in Syzygium aromaticum and verification of chemical antagonistic effect by the combination with Curcuma aromatica using regression analysis. J Anal Methods Chem:375294. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/375294
Lasia A (2002) Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and its applications. In: Conway BE, Bockris JO’M, White RE (eds) Modern aspects of electrochemistry, vol 32. Kluwer Academic Publishers, New York, pp 143–248
Maas JL, Galletta GJ, Stoner GD (1991) Ellagic acid, an anticarcinogen in fruits, especially in strawberries: a review. Hortic Sci 26:10–14
Noble AC, Cole VC (2003) Flavor chemistry. In: Lea AGH, Piggott JR (eds) Fermented beverage production. Springer, Boston, pp 393–412
Nour V, Trandafir I, Cosmulescu S (2013) HPLC determination of phenolic acids, flavonoids and juglone in walnut leaves. J Chromatogr Sci 51:883–890. https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/bms180
Owczarek A, Olszewska MA, Gudej J (2014) Quantitative determination of ellagic acid and gallic acid in Geum rivale L and G. urbanum L. Acta Biol Cracov Ser Bot 56:74–78. https://doi.org/10.2478/abcsb-2014-0021
Pandey R, Chandra P, Srivastava M, Mishra DK, Kumar B (2015) Simultaneous quantitative determination of multiple bioactive markers in Ocimum sanctum obtained from different locations and its marketed herbal formulations using UPLC-ESIMS/MS combined with principal component analysis. Phytochem Anal 26:383–394. https://doi.org/10.1002/pca.2551
Patel MG, Patel VR, Patel RK (2010) Development and validation of improved RP-HPLC method for identification and estimation of ellagic and gallic acid in Triphala churna. Int J ChemTech Res 2:1486–1493
Sádecká J, Uríčková V, Jakubíková M (2016) Fluorescence spectroscopy for the analysis of spirit drinks. In: Stauffler M (ed) Applications of molecular spectroscopy to current research in the chemical and biological sciences. InTechOpen, pp 339–362. https://doi.org/10.5772/64002
Simić AZ, Verbić TŽ, Sentić MN, Vojić MP, Juranić IO, Manojlović DD (2013) Study of ellagic acid electro-oxidation mechanism. Monatsh Chem 144:121–128. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00706-012-0856-8
Singh M, Kamal YT, Tamboli ET, Parveen R, Siddiqui KM, Zaidi SMA, Ahmad S (2012) Simultaneous estimation of gallic acid, ellagic acid, and ascorbic acid in Emblica officinalis and in Unani polyherbal formulations by validated HPLC method. J Liq Chromatogr Relat Technol 35:2493–2502. https://doi.org/10.1080/10826076.2011.636468
Tashkhourian J, Nami-Ana SF (2015) A sensitive electrochemical sensor for determination of gallic acid based on SiO2 nanoparticle modified carbon paste electrode. Mater Sci Eng C 52:103–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2015.03.017
Wang Y (2011) Simultaneous determination of uric acid, xanthine and hypoxanthine at poly(pyrocatechol violet)/functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes composite film modified electrode. Colloids Surf B 88:614–621. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2011.07.051
Wu Q-Y, Zhou Y, Jin X, Guan Y, Xu M, Liu L-F (2011) Chromatographic fingerprint and the simultaneous determination of five bioactive components of Geranium carolinianum L. water extract by high performance liquid chromatography. Int J Mol Sci 12:8740–8749. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms12128740
Ziyatdinova G, Salikhova I, Budnikov H (2014) Chronoamperometric estimation of cognac and brandy antioxidant capacity using MWNT modified glassy carbon electrode. Talanta. 125:378–384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2014.03.039
Ziyatdinova GK, Budnikov HC (2015) Natural phenolic antioxidants in bioanalytical chemistry: state of the art and prospects of development. Russ Chem Rev 84:194–224. https://doi.org/10.1070/RCR4436
Ziyatdinova G, Kozlova E, Budnikov H (2016) Chronocoulometry of wine on multi-walled carbon nanotube modified electrode: antioxidant capacity assay. Food Chem 196:405–410. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.09.075
Ziyatdinova G, Kozlova E, Budnikov H (2017) Polyquercetin/MWNT-modified electrode for the determination of natural phenolic antioxidants. Electroanalysis 29:2610–2619. https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.201700440
Ziyatdinova G, Kozlova E, Budnikov H (2018a) Selective electrochemical sensor based on the electropolymerized p-coumaric acid for the direct determination of L-cysteine. Electrochim Acta 270:369–377. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2018.03.102
Ziyatdinova G, Kozlova E, Budnikov H (2018b) Poly(gallic acid)/MWNT-modified electrode for the selective and sensitive voltammetric determination of quercetin in medicinal herbs. J Electroanal Chem 821:73–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.12.071
Ziyatdinova G, Kozlova E, Morozova E, Budnikov H (2018c) Chronocoulometric method for the evaluation of antioxidant capacity of medicinal plant tinctures. Anal Methods 10:4995–5003. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8AY01907J
Funding
This work was funded by Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant 18-33-00220-mol_a).
Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant 18-33-00220-mol_a).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of Interest
Guzel Ziyatdinova declares that she has no conflict of interest. Ekaterina Guss declares that she has no conflict of interest. Evgeniya Morozova declares that she has no conflict of interest. Herman Budnikov declares that he has no conflict of interest. Rustam Davletshin declares that he has no conflict of interest. Vyacheslav Vorobev declares that he has no conflict of interest. Yuri Osin declares that he has no conflict of interest.
Ethical Approval
This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.
Informed Consent
Not applicable.
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Electronic supplementary material
ESM 1
(DOCX 16626 kb)
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ziyatdinova, G., Guss, E., Morozova, E. et al. Simultaneous voltammetric determination of gallic and ellagic acids in cognac and brandy using electrode modified with functionalized SWNT and poly(pyrocatechol violet). Food Anal. Methods 12, 2250–2261 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-019-01585-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-019-01585-6