Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Combination of Vortex-Assisted Liquid–Liquid Extraction and Air-Assisted Liquid–Liquid Microextraction for the Extraction of Bisphenol A and Bisphenol B in Canned Doogh Samples

  • Published:
Food Analytical Methods Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A sensitive, rapid, and efficient analytical method based on vortex-assisted liquid–liquid extraction combined with air-assisted liquid–liquid microextraction using high performance liquid chromatography-variable wavelength detection has been developed for the extraction and determination of bisphenol A and bisphenol B in canned doogh samples. In this method, the analytes are partitioned into n-hexane during liquid–liquid extraction and then they are enriched using the following air-assisted liquid–liquid microextraction procedure in a few microliters of an ammonia solution used as an extraction solvent. Under the optimum conditions, limits of detection and quantification were 0.82 and 0.54 and 2.7 and 1.5 ng mL−1, for bisphenol A and bisphenol B, respectively. The extraction recoveries and enrichment factors of the selected analytes were 86 and 81% and 4300 and 4050, respectively. The relative standard deviations were lower than 9% for intra- (n = 6) and inter-day (n = 4) precisions at a concentration of 5 ng mL−1 of each analyte. Finally, some canned doogh samples were effectively analyzed by the proposed method.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

AALLME:

Air-assisted liquid–liquid microextraction

BFA:

Bisphenol A

BFB:

Bisphenol B

EF:

Enrichment factor

ER:

Extraction recovery

HPLC:

High performance liquid chromatography

VALLE:

Vortex-assisted liquid–liquid extraction

VWD:

Variable wavelength detector

References

  • An J, Trujillo-Rodríguez MJ, Pino V, Anderson JL (2017) Automated direct-immersion solid-phase microextraction using cross linked polymeric ionic liquid sorbent coatings for the determination of water pollutants by gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1500:1–23

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Asati A, Satyanarayana GNV, Panchal S, Thakur RS, Ansari NG, Patel DK (2017) Ionic liquid based vortex assisted liquid–liquid microextraction combined with liquid chromatography mass spectrometry for the determination of bisphenols in thermal papers with the aid of response surface methodology. J Chromatogr A 1509:35–42

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cacho JI, Campillo N, Viñas P, Hernández-Córdoba M (2013) Stir bar sorptive extraction with EG-Silicone coating for bisphenols determination in personal care products by GC-MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 78–79:255–260

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cheng Y, Nie X, Wu H, Hong Y, Yang B, Liu T, Zhao D, Wang JF, Yao GH, Zhang F (2017) A high-throughput screening method of bisphenols, bisphenols digycidyl ethers and their derivatives in dairy products by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 950:98–107

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cunha SC, Almeida C, Mendes E, Fernandes JO (2011) Simultaneous determination of bisphenol A and bisphenol B in beverages and powdered infant formula by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and heart-cutting multidimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Food Addit. Contam Part B 28:513–526

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cunha SC, Ferreira AR, Fernandes JO (2012) Determination of bisphenol A and bisphenol B in canned seafood combining QuEChERS extraction with dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 404:2453–2463

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ehrlich S, Williams PL, Missmer SA, Berry KF, Petrozza J, Hauser R (2011) Urinary bisphenol A and implantation failure among women undergoing in vitro fertilization. Fertil Steril 96:S6–S7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Erler C, Novak J (2010) Bisphenol A exposure: human risk and health policy. J Pediatr Nurs 25:400–407

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Farajzadeh MA, Afshar Mogaddam MR (2012) Air-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction method as a novel microextraction technique; application in extraction and preconcentration of phthalate esters in aqueous sample followed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection. Anal Chim Acta 728:31–38

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Farajzadeh MA, Abbaspour M, Afshar Moghaddam MR, Ghorbanpour H (2015) Determination of some synthetic phenolic antioxidants and bisphenol A in honey using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction followed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection. Food Anal Methods 8:2035–2043

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fasano E, Cirillo T, Esposito F, Lacorte S (2015) Migration of monomers and plasticizers from packed foods and heated microwave foods using QuEChERS sample preparation and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. LWT Food Sci Technol 64:1015–1021

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fernandez MAM, André LC, Cardeal ZL (2017) Hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method to analyze bisphenol A and other plasticizer metabolites. J Chromatogr A 1481:31–36

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gao L, Zou J, Liu H, Zeng J, Wang Y, Chen X (2013) Determination of bisphenol A in thermal printing papers treated by alkaline aqueous solution using the combination of single-drop microextraction and HPLC. J Sep Sci 36:1298–1303

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Golub MS, Wu KL, Kaufman FL, Li LH, Moran-Messen F, Zeise L, Alexeeff GV, Donald JM (2010) Bisphenol A: developmental toxicity from early prenatal exposure. Birth Defects Res B Dev Reprod Toxicol 89:441–466

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • González-Casado A, Navas N, Del Olmo M, Vílchez JL (1998) Determination of bisphenol A in water by micro liquid-liquid extraction followed by silylation and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. J Chromatogr Sci 36:565–569

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kojima I, Davis SS (1984) The effect of salt concentration on the distribution of phenol between aqueous sodium chloride and carbon tetrachloride. Int J Pharm 20:203–207

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Korenman YI, Mokshina NY, Zykov AV (2010) Distribution coefficients of vitamin B2 in hydrophilic organic solvent-aqueous salt solution systems. Russ J Phys Chem A 84:415–418

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee C, Kim CH, Kim S, Cho SH (2017) Simultaneous determination of bisphenol A and estrogens in hair samples by liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B 1058:8–13

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li G, Liu S, Sun Z, Xia L, Chen G, You J (2015) A simple and sensitive HPLC method based on pre-column fluorescence labelling for multiple classes of plant growth regulator determination in food samples. Food Chem 170:123–130

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Loganathan SN, Kannan K (2011) Occurrence of bisphenol A in indoor dust from two locations in the eastern United States and implications for human exposures. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 61:68–73

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lu S, Wu D, Li G, Lv Z, Gong P, Xia L, Sun Z, Chen G, Chen Z, You J, Wu Y (2017) Facile and sensitive determination of N-nitrosamines in food samples by high performance liquid chromatography via combining fluorescent labeling with dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction. Food Chem 234:408–415

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Maragou NC, Lampi EN, Thomaidis NS, Koupparis MA (2006) Determination of bisphenol A in milk by solid phase extraction and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 1129:165–173

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Martins J, Esteves C, Simões T, Correia M, Delerue-Matos C (2011) Determination of 24 pesticide residues in fortified wines by solid–phase microextraction and gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Agric Food Chem 59:6847–6855

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Meeker JD, Ehrlich S, Toth TL, Wright DL, Calafat AM, Ye X, Trisini AT, Hauser R (2010) Semen quality and sperm DNA damage in relation to urinary bisphenol A among men from an infertility clinic. Reprod Toxic 30:532–539

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Report of a Joint FAO/IAEA Expert consultation (1998) Validation of analytical methods for food control. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 68:1–19

  • Sosvorova LK, Chlupacova T, Vitku J, Vlk M, Heracek J, Starka L, Saman D, Simkova M, Hampl R (2017) Determination of selected bisphenols, parabens and estrogens in human plasma using LC–MS/MS. Talanta 174:21–28

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sungur S, Köroğlu M, Özkan A (2014) Determinatıon of bisphenol a migrating from canned food and beverages in markets. Food Chem 142:87–91

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vandenberg LN, Maffini MV, Sonnenschein C, Rubin BS, Soto AM (2009) Bisphenol A and the great divide: a review of controversies in the field of endocrine disruption. Endocr Rev 30:75–95

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Yoon Y, Westerhoff P, Snyder SA, Esparza M (2003) HPLC-fluorescence detection and adsorption of bisphenol A, 17 beta-estradiol, and 17alpha-ethynyl estradiol on powdered activated carbon. Water Res 37:3530–3537

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

Authors are grateful to Research Council of the Sarab Branch of Islamic Azad University for financial support.

Funding

Jalil Khandaghi has received research grants from Sarab Branch of Islamic Azad University.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Food Science and Technology, Sarab Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sarab, Iran

    Roya Amini & Jalil Khandaghi

  2. Food and Drug Safety Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

    Mohammad Reza Afshar Mogaddam

  3. Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

    Mohammad Reza Afshar Mogaddam

Authors
  1. Roya Amini
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jalil Khandaghi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Mohammad Reza Afshar Mogaddam
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jalil Khandaghi.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of Interest

Jalil Khandaghi declares that he has no conflict of interest. Roya Amini declares that she has no conflict of interest. Mohammad Reza Afshar Mogaddam declares that he has no conflict of interest.

Ethical Approval

This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects.

Informed Consent

Not applicable.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Amini, R., Khandaghi, J. & Mogaddam, M.R.A. Combination of Vortex-Assisted Liquid–Liquid Extraction and Air-Assisted Liquid–Liquid Microextraction for the Extraction of Bisphenol A and Bisphenol B in Canned Doogh Samples. Food Anal. Methods 11, 3267–3275 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-018-1260-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-018-1260-8

Keywords

Search

Navigation