Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Predictors of Adherence to Supervised Exercise in Lymphoma Patients Participating in a Randomized Controlled Trial

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Annals of Behavioral Medicine

Abstract

Exercise improves health in lymphoma patients but the determinants of adherence in this population are unknown. The purpose of this study is to examine predictors of exercise adherence in lymphoma patients. In a randomized trial, 60 lymphoma patients were assigned to the exercise group and asked to attend three supervised exercise sessions per week for 12 weeks. Baseline data were collected on demographic, medical, fitness, psychosocial, and motivational variables. Adherence was assessed by objective attendance. Adherence was 77.8% and was significantly predicted by age (β = 0.29; p = 0.016) and past exercise (β = 0.27; p = 0.024); and borderline significantly predicted by previous treatments (β = 0.22; p = 0.053), body mass index (β = −0.21; p = 0.076), and smoking (β = −0.19; p = 0.092). Poorer exercise adherence was experienced by lymphoma patients under age 40, insufficiently active at baseline, previously treated with radiation therapy, overweight or obese, and smokers. Findings may facilitate the development of targeted interventions to improve exercise adherence in this understudied patient population.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. American Cancer Society. Cancer Facts & Figures 2008. American Cancer Society. Atlanta: 2008.

  2. Canadian Cancer Society/National Cancer Institute of Canada. Canadian Cancer Statistics 2008. Toronto, Canada: April 2008, ISSN 0835–2976 2008

  3. Elbl L, Vasova I, Tomaskova I, et al. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing in the evaluation of functional capacity after treatment of lymphomas in adults. Leuk Lymphoma. 2006;47:843–851.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Mols F, Aaronson NK, Vingerhoets AJ, et al. Quality of life among long-term non-Hodgkin lymphoma survivors: A population-based study. Cancer. 2007;109:1659–1667.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Smith SK, Zimmerman S, Williams CS, et al. Post-traumatic stress outcomes in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma survivors. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26:934–941.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Hjermstad MJ, Fossa SD, Oldervoll L, et al. Fatigue in long-term Hodgkin's Disease survivors: A follow-up study. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23:6587–6595.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Courneya KS, Sellar CM, Stevinson C, et al. Randomized controlled trial of the effects of aerobic exercise on physical functioning and quality of life in lymphoma patients. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27:4605–4612.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Courneya KS, Sellar CM, Stevinson C, et al. Moderator effects in a randomized controlled trial of exercise training in lymphoma patients. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2009;18:2600–2607.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Ajzen I. The theory of planned behavior. Organ Behav Hum Dec. 1991;50:179–211.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Courneya KS, Segal RJ, Gelmon K, et al. Predictors of supervised exercise adherence during breast cancer chemotherapy. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2008;40:1180–1187.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Vallance JK, Courneya KS, Jones LW, Reiman T. Differences in quality of life between non-Hodgkin's lymphoma survivors meeting and not meeting public health exercise guidelines. Psycho-Oncol. 2005;14:979–991.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Courneya KS, Karvinen KH, Campbell KL, et al. Associations among exercise, body weight, and quality of life in a population-based sample of endometrial cancer survivors. Gynecol Oncol. 2005;97:422–430.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Godin G, Jobin J, Bouillon J. Assessment of leisure time exercise behavior by self-report: A concurrent validity study. Can J Public Health. 1986;77:359–362.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Ware J Jr, Kosinski M, Keller SD. A 12-item short-form health survey: Construction of scales and preliminary tests of reliability and validity. Med Care. 1996;34:220–233.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Cella D, Eton DT, Lai JS, et al. Combining anchor and distribution-based methods to derive minimal clinically important differences on the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (FACT) anemia and fatigue scales. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2002;24:547–561.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Fordyce MW. A review of research on the happiness measure: A sixty second index of happiness and mental health. Soc Indic Res. 1988;20:355–381.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Kohout FJ, Berkman LF, Evans DA, Cornoni-Huntley J. Two shorter forms of the CES-D (Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression) depression symptoms index. J Aging Health. 1993;5:179–193.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Smith TW, Ingram RE, Brehm SS. Social anxiety, anxious self-preoccupation, and recall of self-relevant information. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1983;44:1276–1283.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Webster K, Cashy D, Cella D, al. e. Measuring quality of life (QOL) in patients with non-hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL): The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Lymphoma (FACT-LYM). Qual Life Res 2005 (suppl; abstract); 14: 2103.

  20. Ajzen I. Nature and operation of attitudes. Annual Review of Psychology. 2001;52:27–58.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Field A. Discovering Statistics using SPSS. 2nd ed. London, U.K.: Sage; 2005.

    Google Scholar 

  22. US Department of Health and Human Services. 2008 physical activity guidelines for Americans. Hyattsville, MD. Available at http://www.health.gov/paguidelines.

  23. Douketis JD, Paradis G, Keller H, Martineau C. Canadian guidelines for body weight classification in adults: Application in clinical practice to screen for overweight and obesity and to assess disease risk. CMAJ. 2005;172:995–998.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Tabachnick BG, Fidell LS. Using multivariate statistics. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Harper & Row; 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  25. McNeely ML, Campbell KL, Rowe BH, et al. Effects of exercise on breast cancer patients and survivors: A systematic review and meta-analysis. CMAJ. 2006;175:34–41.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Courneya KS, Segal RJ, Reid RD, et al. Three independent factors predicted adherence in a randomized controlled trial of resistance exercise training among prostate cancer survivors. J Clin Epidemiol. 2004;57:571–579.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Courneya KS, Friedenreich CM, Sela RA, et al. Correlates of adherence and contamination in a randomized controlled trial of exercise in cancer survivors: An application of the theory of planned behavior and the five factor model of personality. Ann Behav Med. 2002;24:257–268.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Courneya KS, Friedenreich CM, Quinney HA, et al. Predictors of adherence and contamination in a randomized trial of exercise in colorectal cancer survivors. Psycho-Oncol. 2004;13:857–866.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Courneya KS, Vallance JKV, Jones LW, Reiman T. Correlates of exercise intentions in non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma survivors: An application of the Theory of Planned Behavior. J Sport Exerc Psych. 2005;27:335–349.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Trost SG, Owen N, Bauman AE, et al. Correlates of adults' participation in physical activity: Review and update. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2002;34:1996–2001.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Courneya KS, Friedenreich CM, Reid RD, et al. Predictors of follow-up exercise behavior 6 months after a randomized trial of exercise training during breast cancer chemotherapy. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2009;114:179–187.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Irwin ML, McTiernan A, Bernstein L, et al. Physical activity levels among breast cancer survivors. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2004;36:1484–1491.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Pinto BM, Trunzo JJ, Reiss P, Shiu SY. Exercise participation after diagnosis of breast cancer: Trends and effects on mood and quality of life. Psycho-Oncol. 2002;11:389–400.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Hong S, Bardwell WA, Natarajan L, et al. Correlates of physical activity level in breast cancer survivors participating in the Womens Healthy Eating and Living (WHEL) Study. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2007;101:225–232.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Milne HM, Wallman KE, Guilfoyle A, et al. Self-determination theory and physical activity among breast cancer survivors. JSEP. 2008;30:23–38.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Peddle CJ, Jones LW, Eves ND, et al. Correlates of adherence to supervised exercise in patients awaiting surgical removal of malignant lung lesions: Results of a pilot study. Oncol Nurs Forum. 2009;36:287–295.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This study was funded by a grant from the Lance Armstrong Foundation. KSC was supported by the Canada Research Chairs Program. MLM, CMS, and CJP were supported by Health Studentships from the Alberta Heritage Foundation for Medical Research (AHFMR). CMF was supported by a Senior Health Scholar Award from AHFMR. TR was supported by a Clinical Investigator Award from AHFMR. The authors gratefully acknowledge Lisa Belanger, BA, Andrew Belch, MD, Diane Cook, BA, Marg Esch, RN, Neil Eves, PhD, Melaku Game, MD, Marlene Hamilton, MD, Lee Jones, PhD, Linda Reid, RN, Debbie Rusnak, RN, Ashley Ryniak, BSc., Colleen Soucy, RN, Tony Woods, MD, and Lisa Workman, MA, for their assistance in recruitment, exercise testing and prescription, exercise supervision, data management, and manuscript preparation.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Van Vliet Center, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 2H9

    Kerry S. Courneya PhD, Christopher M. Sellar MSc & Carolyn J. Peddle MSc

  2. University of Manchester, Manchester, UK

    Clare Stevinson PhD

  3. Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Van Vliet Center, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 2H9

    Margaret L. McNeely PhD

  4. Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada

    Christine M. Friedenreich PhD

  5. Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, and Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada

    Alex Mazurek BSc, Neil Chua MD, Keith Tankel MD, Sanraj Basi MD & Tony Reiman MD

Authors
  1. Kerry S. Courneya PhD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Clare Stevinson PhD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Margaret L. McNeely PhD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Christopher M. Sellar MSc
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Carolyn J. Peddle MSc
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Christine M. Friedenreich PhD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Alex Mazurek BSc
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Neil Chua MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Keith Tankel MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. Sanraj Basi MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  11. Tony Reiman MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kerry S. Courneya PhD.

About this article

Cite this article

Courneya, K.S., Stevinson, C., McNeely, M.L. et al. Predictors of Adherence to Supervised Exercise in Lymphoma Patients Participating in a Randomized Controlled Trial. ann. behav. med. 40, 30–39 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12160-010-9205-5

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12160-010-9205-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation