Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Role of PET/MRI in oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers based on the 8th edition of the AJCC cancer staging system: a pictorial essay

  • Review Article
  • Published:
Annals of Nuclear Medicine Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) released the 8th edition of the AJCC cancer staging manual in 2017 that includes significant modifications from the 7th edition in the sections on oral cavity cancer (OCC) and oropharyngeal cancer (OPC). These highlights comprise the incorporation of the depth of invasion and exclusion of extrinsic tongue muscle involvement in the T staging of OCC, the separation of OPC staging based on the high-risk human papilloma virus status, and the inclusion of extranodal extension in N staging. The recent introduction of integrated positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) with 2-[18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (18F-FDG) has demonstrated the advantages of simultaneous PET and MR imaging with higher soft-tissue contrast, multiplanar image acquisition, and functional imaging capability. This pictorial essay discusses the role of 18F-FDG PET/MRI in the diagnosis of OCC and OPC based on the new cancer staging system.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Amin MB, Edge SB, Greene FL, Byrd DR, Brookland RK, Washington MK et al, editors. AJCC cancer staging manual. 8th ed. New York: Springer; 2017.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Edge SB, Byrd DR, Compton CC, Fritz AG, Greene F, Trotti A, editors. AJCC cancer staging manual. 7th ed. New York: Springer; 2010.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Lydiatt WM, Patel SG, O’Sullivan B, Brandwein MS, Ridge JA, Migliacci JC, et al. Head and neck cancers-major changes in the American Joint Committee on cancer eighth edition cancer staging manual. CA Cancer J Clin. 2017;67:122–37.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Boss A, Stegger L, Bisdas S, Kolb A, Schwenzer N, Pfister M, et al. Feasibility of simultaneous PET/MR imaging in the head and upper neck area. Eur Radiol. 2011;21:1439–46.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Lee SJ, Seo HJ, Cheon GJ, Kim JH, Kim EE, Kang KW, et al. Usefulness of integrated PET/MRI in head and neck cancer: a preliminary study. Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2014;48:98–105.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Kuhn FP, Hüllner M, Mader CE, Kastrinidis N, Huber GF, von Schulthess GK, et al. Contrast-enhanced PET/MR imaging versus contrast-enhanced PET/CT in head and neck cancer: how much MR information is needed? J Nucl Med. 2014;55:551–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Kubiessa K, Purz S, Gawlitza M, Kühn A, Fuchs J, Steinhoff KG, et al. Initial clinical results of simultaneous 18F-FDG PET/MRI in comparison to 18F-FDG PET/CT in patients with head and neck cancer. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2014;41:639–48.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Tan WJ, Chia CS, Tan HK, Soo KC, Iyer NG. Prognostic significance of invasion depth in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec. 2012;74:264–70.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Ling W, Mijiti A, Moming A. Survival pattern and prognostic factors of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue: a retrospective analysis of 210 cases. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2013;71:775 – 85.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. International Consortium for Outcome Research (ICOR) in Head and Neck Cancer, Ebrahimi A, Gil Z, Amit M, Yen TC, Liao CT, Chaturvedi P, et al. Primary tumor staging for oral cancer and a proposed modification incorporating depth of invasion: an international multicenter retrospective study. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2014;140:1138–48.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Wreesmann VB, Katabi N, Palmer FL, Montero PH, Migliacci JC, Gönen M, et al. Influence of extracapsular nodal spread extent on prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck. 2016;38(Suppl 1):E1192–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Maxwell JH, Ferris RL, Gooding W, Cunningham D, Mehta V, Kim S, et al. Extracapsular spread in head and neck carcinoma: impact of site and human papillomavirus status. Cancer. 2013;119:3302–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Lam P, Au-Yeung KM, Cheng PW, Wei WI, Yuen AP, Trendell-Smith N, Li JH, Li R. Correlating MRI and histologic tumor thickness in the assessment of oral tongue cancer. AJR. 2004;182:803–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Ang KK, Harris J, Wheeler R, Weber R, Rosenthal DI, Nguyen-Tân PF, et al. Human papillomavirus and survival of patients with oropharyngeal cancer. N Engl J Med. 2010;363:24–35.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  15. Fakhry C, Zhang Q, Nguyen-Tan PF, Rosenthal D, El-Naggar A, Garden AS, et al. Human papillomavirus and overall survival after progression of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. J Clin Oncol. 2014;32:3365–73.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biomedical Imaging Research Center, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuoka-Shimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Fukui, 910-1193, Japan

    Tetsuya Tsujikawa & Hidehiko Okazawa

  2. Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan

    Norihiko Narita, Masafumi Kanno, Tetsuji Takabayashi & Shigeharu Fujieda

Authors
  1. Tetsuya Tsujikawa
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Norihiko Narita
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Masafumi Kanno
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Tetsuji Takabayashi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Shigeharu Fujieda
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Hidehiko Okazawa
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Tetsuya Tsujikawa.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Tsujikawa, T., Narita, N., Kanno, M. et al. Role of PET/MRI in oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers based on the 8th edition of the AJCC cancer staging system: a pictorial essay. Ann Nucl Med 32, 239–249 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12149-018-1244-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12149-018-1244-1

Keywords

Search

Navigation