Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between psychological hardiness, basic psychological need (BPN) satisfaction (Self-Determination theory, Deci & Ryan, 2000), soldiers’ engagement, and general self-reported health. We hypothesized that the effect of psychological hardiness on soldiers’ engagement and general health is mediated by the satisfaction of basic psychological needs (autonomy, competence, and relatedness). Data from a questionnaire survey was collected among soldiers of the Lithuanian Armed forces (N = 506) using The Hardiness – Resilience Gauge (HRG), Basic Need Satisfaction at Work Scale, Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES – 9) and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ – 12). Structural equation modelling was used to evaluate the hypothesis of a mediating role of BPN satisfaction within the relationship between hardiness and soldier’s engagement and general health. The results showed mediating effects of satisfaction of BPN on psychological hardiness and health, and engagement relationship, thus providing support for our hypothesis. Implications of the results are discussed.
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Appendices
Appendix 1
lavaan syntax of the factor structure
# Factors
Control = ~ HRG_2 + HRG_4 + HRG_10 + HRG_12 + HRG_14 + HRG_17 + HRG_27
Challenge = ~ HRG_8 + HRG_15 + HRG_18 + HRG_20 + HRG_22 + HRG_24 + HRG_26
Commitment = ~ HRG_1 + HRG_6 + HRG_9 + HRG_11 + HRG_16 + HRG_21 + HRG_23
# Second-order factor
Hardiness = ~ Control + Challenge + Commitment
# Residual covariances
HRG_20 ~ ~ HRG_22
HRG_10 ~ ~ HRG_12
HRG_6 ~ ~ HRG_16
HRG_4 ~ ~ HRG_12
HRG_11 ~ ~ HRG_16
HRG_8 ~ ~ HRG_26
Appendix 2
lavaan syntax of the factor structure
# Factors
Autonomy = ~ BMP_1 + BMP_13 + BMP_8
Competence = ~ BMP_19 + BMP_3 + BMP_4
Relatedness = ~ BMP_15 + BMP_2 + BMP_21 + BMP_6 + BMP_9
# Second-order factor
Needs = ~ Autonomy + Competence + Relatedness
# Residual covariances
BMP_19 ~ ~ BMP_3
BMP_21 ~ ~ BMP_9
Appendix 3
lavaan syntax of the model
# Measurement model
hardiness = ~ Hard_control + Hard_challenge + Hard_commitment
autonomy = ~ BMP_1 + BMP_13 + BMP_8
competence = ~ BMP_19 + BMP_3 + BMP_4
relatedness = ~ BMP_15 + BMP_2 + BMP_21 + BMP_6 + BMP_9
engagement = ~ Engagement_P1 + Engagement_P2 + Engagement_P3
dysfunction = ~ Health_Dy_P1 + Health_Dy_P2
anxiety = ~ Health_An_P1 + Health_An_P2
# Structural model
autonomy ~ h1*hardiness
competence ~ h2*hardiness
relatedness ~ h3*hardiness
dysfunction ~ a1*autonomy + c1*competence + r1*relatedness
anxiety ~ a2*autonomy + c2*competence + r2*relatedness
engagement ~ a3*autonomy + c3*competence + r3*relatedness
dysfunction ~ hardiness
anxiety ~ hardiness
engagement ~ hardiness
# Indirect effects
Hardiness_autonomy_dysfunction: = h1*a1
Hardiness_autonomy_anxiety: = h1*a2
Hardiness_autonomy_engagement: = h1*a3
Hardiness_competence_dysfunction: = h2*c1
Hardiness_competence_anxiety: = h2*c2
Hardiness_competence_engagement: = h2*c3
Hardiness_relatedness_dysfunction: = h3*r1
Hardiness_relatedness_anxiety: = h3*r2
Hardiness_relatedness_engagement: = h3*r3
Appendix 4
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Rybakovaitė, J., Bandzevičienė, R. & Poškus, M.S. The impact of psychological hardiness on soldiers’ engagement and general health: The mediating role of need satisfaction. Curr Psychol 41, 9087–9102 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-01371-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-01371-w