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Transformation Products of Carbamazepine (CBZ) After Ozonation and their Toxicity Evaluation Using Pseudomonas sp. Strain KSH-1 in Aqueous Matrices

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Abstract

Carbamazepine (CBZ) is an anti-epileptic and anti-convulsant drug widely used for the treatment of epilepsy and other bipolar disorders. Ozone as an advanced oxidation process has been widely used for the degradation of CBZ resulting in the formation of transformation products (ozonides). The present research aims to isolate and identify potential microorganism, capable of degradation of CBZ and its transformation products. The cell viability and cytotoxicity of pure CBZ and their ozone transformation products were evaluated using the cells of Pseudomonas sp. strain KSH-1 through cell viability assay tests. The cells metabolic activity was assessed at varying CBZ concentrations (~ 10–25 ppm, pure CBZ) and cumulatively for ozone transformation products. For pure CBZ, % cell viability decreases as CBZ concentration increases, while, in case of post-ozonated CBZ transformation products, the viability decreases initially and then increases upon exposure of ozone with a maximum cell viability of 97 ± 2.8% evaluated for 2 h post-ozonated samples.

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Acknowledgements

Kshitiz Dwivedi is supported by fellowship from Department of Science and Technology (DST) under the program INSPIRE (Grant No. DST-INSPIRE/IF-120178). We express our sincere thanks to Dr. Sanjeev Kanojiya from Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility (SAIF, supported by DST), CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI), Lucknow for assistance with LC–MS and LC–MS/MS analysis. The authors would like to acknowledge Knowledge Resource Centre (KRC), CSIR-NEERI, for plagiarism check for which the accession number is CSIR-NEERI/KRC/2017/OCT/EBGD/3.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440020, India

    Kshitiz Dwivedi, Ashwinkumar P. Rudrashetti, Tapan Chakrabarti & R. A. Pandey

  2. Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University (RTMNU), Nagpur, India

    Kshitiz Dwivedi & Ashwinkumar P. Rudrashetti

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  1. Kshitiz Dwivedi
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  2. Ashwinkumar P. Rudrashetti
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  3. Tapan Chakrabarti
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  4. R. A. Pandey
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Correspondence to R. A. Pandey.

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Dwivedi, K., Rudrashetti, A.P., Chakrabarti, T. et al. Transformation Products of Carbamazepine (CBZ) After Ozonation and their Toxicity Evaluation Using Pseudomonas sp. Strain KSH-1 in Aqueous Matrices. Indian J Microbiol 58, 193–200 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-018-0715-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-018-0715-3

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