Abstract
Household sector has become one important target sector on which the Chinese government implements its energy-saving and emission reduction policies. Improving energy efficiency is the primary method adopted by the Chinese government for energy conservation. However, its real energy-saving effects would be affected greatly owing to energy rebound effects. In this paper, we set up a Linear Approximation of the Almost Ideal Demand System (LA/AIDS) model to estimate the direct rebound effect for urban households in China, and real energy conservation effect of improving energy efficiency is also obtained. The assessment of the rebound has a lot of uncertainty, and therefore, exact figures are hard to determine. The results show that energy rebound for Chinese urban household is approximately 66%. In this regard, the Chinese government could not accomplish the energy conservation target through improving energy efficiency only. Policy supplements like energy pricing reform are also needed.
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Notes
Data source: author calculated it based on the relevant data from China Statistical Yearbook 2013
Data source: author calculated it based on the relevant data from China Statistical Yearbook 2013 and China Premium Database
Tibet is not included due to data unavailability and Chongqing is classed into Sichuan province
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We acknowledge the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 71503156 and 71603086) and the National Social Science Foundation of China (No. 15CJY058).
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Appendix
Appendix
Results for Zhejiang province
Food | Clothing | HFS | HCM | TC | CEE | WEF | Housing | |
lnXt-lnPt | −0.135*** | −0.0291 | 0.0656* | −0.0572*** | 0.163*** | −0.0379* | −0.000589 | 0.0319 |
LnP1 | 0.0722** | |||||||
LnP2 | −0.0194 | −0.151*** | ||||||
LnP3 | 0.0591 | 0.163* | −0.105 | |||||
LnP4 | −0.106*** | −0.0691* | 0.0269 | 0.0854 | ||||
LnP5 | 0.0526 | 0.0226 | 0.0839 | −0.057 | −0.0794 | |||
LnP6 | −0.0703*** | −0.00389 | −0.0848 | 0.0502 | 0.00906 | −0.051 | ||
LnP7 | 0.00556 | 0.00792 | −0.0507 | 0.0285* | 0.00644 | 0.00424 | 0.0153** | |
LnP8 | 0.00657 | 0.0499* | −0.0914 | 0.0414 | −0.0382 | 0.147*** | −0.0173 | −0.0975*** |
constant | 0.900*** | 0.236*** | −0.117 | 0.249*** | −0.493*** | 0.221*** | 0.0426 | −0.039 |
Results for Jiangsu province
Food | Clothing | HFS | HCM | TC | CEE | WEF | Housing | |
lnXt-lnPt | −0.0182 | 0.0563*** | 0.0070 | 0.0244*** | 0.0531*** | 0.0321*** | −0.0668*** | −0.0879*** |
LnP1 | 0.212*** | |||||||
LnP2 | 0.0740*** | 0.199*** | ||||||
LnP3 | 0.0221 | 0.0239 | −0.1080 | |||||
LnP4 | −0.0755*** | −0.111** | 0.1440 | 0.0588 | ||||
LnP5 | 0.0372* | −0.0702 | 0.191* | −0.124** | −0.174*** | |||
LnP6 | −0.0846*** | 0.0765*** | −0.156*** | −0.0186 | 0.0548*** | 0.0176 | ||
LnP7 | −0.127*** | −0.0782** | 0.194*** | −0.106*** | −0.0685*** | 0.0607*** | 0.0623** | |
LnP8 | −0.0576* | −0.114*** | −0.310*** | 0.232*** | 0.154*** | 0.0495* | 0.0631* | −0.0159 |
constant | 0.524*** | −0.0663* | 0.0806* | −0.0322 | −0.113*** | −0.0146 | 0.273*** | 0.348*** |
Results for Hainan province
Food | Clothing | HFS | HCM | TC | CEE | WEF | Housing | |
lnXt-lnPt | −0.174*** | 0.0146 | 0.0322* | 0.0323 | 0.0726** | 0.0271 | −0.0142 | 0.0099 |
LnP1 | 0.168*** | |||||||
LnP2 | −0.0018 | −0.0762* | ||||||
LnP3 | −0.0179 | 0.0254 | 0.0309 | |||||
LnP4 | −0.0196 | 0.0383 | −0.0442 | −0.0007 | ||||
LnP5 | 0.0868*** | 0.0294* | 0.0324 | −0.0416* | −0.122*** | |||
LnP6 | −0.0774*** | 0.0300 | −0.0385 | 0.0628* | 0.0110 | 0.0124 | ||
LnP7 | −0.0830*** | −0.0468*** | 0.0271 | 0.0109 | 0.0107 | 0.0003 | 0.0297 | |
LnP8 | −0.0556** | 0.0016 | −0.0154 | −0.0061 | −0.0067 | −0.0006 | 0.0510** | 0.0317 |
constant | 1.094*** | 0.0273 | −0.0263 | −0.0631 | −0.201** | 0.0391 | 0.0900* | 0.0396 |
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Li, X., Liu, J. & Liu, X. Direct rebound effect for urban household in China—an empirical study. Energy Efficiency 10, 1495–1510 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12053-017-9533-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12053-017-9533-4