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Renewable generation and demand response integration in micro-grids: development of a new energy management and control system

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Abstract

The aim of this research resides in the development of an energy management and control system to control a micro-grid based on the use of renewable generation and demand resources to introduce the application of demand response concepts to the management of micro-grids in order to effectively integrate the demand side as an operation resource for the grid and improve energy efficiency of the elements. As an additional result, the evaluation of reductions in the total amount of CO2 emitted into the atmosphere due to the improvement of the energy efficiency of the system is assessed.

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Abbreviations

C i g-μ :

Cost of power produced by generation resources of the micro-grid in the hour i, in euro per hour

C i f-μ :

Fix unitary cost of power produced by generation resources of the micro-grid in the hour i, in euro per hour

C i v-μ :

Variable unitary cost, which includes fuel cost and any other variable cost directly related to the amount of power produced by generation resources of the micro-grid in the hour i, in euro per kilowatt hour

C i c-μ :

Quadratic coefficient, which includes any variable cost related to quadratic power produced by generation resources of the micro-grid in the hour i, in euro per square kilowatt hour

P i g-σ :

Power generated by resources of the micro-grid, including renewable and conventional generation as well as power storage devices and demand response resources in the hour i, in kilowatt

C i g-g :

Cost of power demanded from the grid in the hour i, in euro per hour

C i f-g :

Fix unitary cost of power demanded from the grid related to the value of contracted power in the hour i, in euro per hour

C i v-g :

Price of electricity in the hour i, in euro per hour

P i g-g :

Power demanded from the grid in the hour i, in kilowatt

P i D :

Total power demanded by customers in the hour i, in kilowatt

C D :

Total daily cost of electricity to be paid by customers, in euro per day

AEs :

Avoided emissions into the atmosphere due to the application of efficiency and management actions, in ton CO2

fe i :

Emission factor in the period i (i is equal to 1 for on-peak, 2 for shoulder and 3 for valley period), in ton CO2 per megawatt hour

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Energy Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain

    Carlos Álvarez-Bel, Guillermo Escrivá-Escrivá & Manuel Alcázar-Ortega

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  1. Carlos Álvarez-Bel
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  2. Guillermo Escrivá-Escrivá
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  3. Manuel Alcázar-Ortega
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Correspondence to Carlos Álvarez-Bel.

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Álvarez-Bel, C., Escrivá-Escrivá, G. & Alcázar-Ortega, M. Renewable generation and demand response integration in micro-grids: development of a new energy management and control system. Energy Efficiency 6, 695–706 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12053-013-9207-9

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