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Effects of growth hormone on hepatic insulin sensitivity and glucose effectiveness in healthy older adults

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Abstract

Purpose

Growth hormone (GH) replacement decreases insulin sensitivity in healthy individuals. However, the effects of GH on organ-specific insulin sensitivity and glucose effectiveness are not well characterized. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of GH administration for 26 weeks on muscle and hepatic insulin sensitivity and glucose effectiveness in healthy older individuals.

Methods

This report is from a 26-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel-group trial in healthy, ambulatory, community-dwelling older women and men. We compared surrogate indices of insulin sensitivity [quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index (QUICKI), muscle insulin sensitivity index (MISI), hepatic insulin resistance index (HIRI)] and glucose effectiveness [oral glucose effectiveness index (oGE)] derived from oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) in subjects before and after 26 weeks of administration of GH (n = 17) or placebo (n = 15) as an exploratory outcome.

Results

GH administration for 26 weeks significantly increased fasting insulin concentrations and HIRI but did not significantly change MISI or oGE compared to placebo.

Conclusions

GH administration for 26 weeks in healthy older subjects impairs insulin sensitivity in the liver but not skeletal muscle and does not alter glucose effectiveness.

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Funding

This work was supported in part by the Intramural Research Programs of the National Institute on Aging (NIA), Baltimore, Maryland and the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), Washington, DC, National Institutes of Health Research Grants RO-1 AG11005 (to MRB), and the Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington DC.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Clinical Endocrine Section, Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA

    Lala Forrest, Caroline Sedmak, Shanaz Sikder, Shivraj Grewal & Ranganath Muniyappa

  2. Endocrinology Section, Department of Medicine, Phoenix VA Health Care System, Phoenix, AZ, USA

    S. Mitchell Harman

  3. Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA

    Marc R. Blackman

  4. Department of Medicine, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, 20007, USA

    Marc R. Blackman

  5. Department of Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, 20052, USA

    Marc R. Blackman

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  1. Lala Forrest
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Correspondence to Ranganath Muniyappa.

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Forrest, L., Sedmak, C., Sikder, S. et al. Effects of growth hormone on hepatic insulin sensitivity and glucose effectiveness in healthy older adults. Endocrine 63, 497–506 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-018-01834-4

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