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Effects of Zinc Supplementation on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

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Abstract

The prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors has been increasing worldwide. The results of reported studies on the effects of zinc supplementation on cardiometabolic risk factors are unequivocal. This systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was conducted to evaluate the effects of zinc supplementation on cardiometabolic risk factors. A systematic search was conducted through international databases (PubMed/Medline, Institute of Scientific Information, and Scopus) until December 2018 to include all randomized controlled trials (RCT), quasi-RCT, and controlled clinical trials which assessed the effect of zinc supplementation on cardiometabolic risk factors including lipid profile, glycemic indices, blood pressure, and anthropometric indices. Random- or fixed-effects meta-analysis method was used to estimate the standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). A total of 20 studies were included in the meta-analysis, which included a total of 1141 participants in the intervention group. Meta-analysis showed that zinc supplementation significantly decreased plasma levels of triglyceride (SMD − 0.66, 95% CI − 1.27, − 0.06), very-low-density lipoprotein (SMD − 1.59, 95% CI − 2.86, − 0.31), and total cholesterol (SMD − 0.65, 95% CI − 1.15, − 0.15). Similarly, zinc supplementation significantly decreased fasting blood glucose (SMD − 0.52, 95% CI − 0.96, − 0.07) and HbA1c (SMD − 0.64, 95% CI − 1.27, − 0.02). The effects of zinc supplementation on blood pressure and anthropometric indices were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Zinc supplements had beneficial effects on glycemic indices and lipid profile. Thus, it appeared that zinc supplementation might be associated with a decrease in cardiometabolic risk factors contributing to a reduction in risk of atherosclerosis.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are thankful to the Emam Ali Clinical Research Development Unit for the assistance.

Funding

This study was funded by Alborz University of Medical Sciences.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Maryam Khazdouz, Motahareh Hasani & Farzad Shidfar

  2. Development of Research & Technology Center, Deputy of Research and Technology, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran

    Shirin Djalalinia

  3. Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Shirin Djalalinia

  4. Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

    Sara Sarrafi Zadeh & Asal Ataie-Jafari

  5. Department of Medical Emergencies, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran

    Hamid Asayesh

  6. Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

    Maryam Zarei

  7. Department of Basic and Clinical Research, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Armita Mahdavi Gorabi

  8. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Mehdi Noroozi

  9. Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran

    Mostafa Qorbani

  10. Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Mostafa Qorbani

Authors
  1. Maryam Khazdouz
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  2. Shirin Djalalinia
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  4. Motahareh Hasani
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  6. Asal Ataie-Jafari
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  9. Armita Mahdavi Gorabi
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  10. Mehdi Noroozi
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  11. Mostafa Qorbani
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Contributions

MQ, MGH, MKH, and SD designed the research; SM and HA conducted the research; PT analyzed the data; MN, AA, and FS wrote the paper. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mostafa Qorbani.

Ethics declarations

The present study was approved by the ethical committee of Alborz University of Medical Sciences.

Competing Interests

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

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Table 6 Risk of bias assessment in the randomized controlled trials
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Khazdouz, M., Djalalinia, S., Sarrafi Zadeh, S. et al. Effects of Zinc Supplementation on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Biol Trace Elem Res 195, 373–398 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-019-01870-9

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