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The Role of Lignocellulosic Composition and Residual Lipids in Empty Fruit Bunches on the Production of Humic Acids in Submerged Fermentations

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Abstract

The aim of this research was to study the production of humic acids (HA) by Trichoderma reesei from empty fruit bunches (EFBs) of palm oil processing, with a focus on the effects of lignocellulosic content and residual lipids. EFBs from two different soils and palm oil producers were previously characterized about their lignocellulosic composition. Submerged fermentations were inoculated with T. reesei spores and set up with or without residual lipids. The results showed that the soil and the processing for removal of the palm fresh fruits were crucial to EFB quality. Thus, EFBs were classified as type 1 (higher lignocellulosic and fatty acids composition similar to the palm oil and palm kernel oil) and type 2 (lower lignocellulosic content and fatty acids composition similar to palm oil). Despite the different profiles, the fungal growth was similar for both EFB types. HA production was associated with fungal growth, and it was higher without lipids for both EFBs. The highest HA productivity was obtained from type 1 EFB (approximately 90 mg L−1 at 48 h). Therefore, the lignocellulosic composition and the nature of the residual lipids in EFBs play an important role in HA production by submerged fermentation.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful for the support given by School of Chemical Engineering (FEQ/UNICAMP), Agropalma, and cooperative of small palm oil producing industries from Muniz Ferreira by supplying of the EFB, and for National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPQ, Brazil).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Engineering of Materials and Bioprocesses, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas, Albert Einstein, 500, Campinas, SP, 13083-852, Brazil

    MPC Volpi & MHA Santana

  2. Department of Food Technology, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Monteiro Lobato, 80, Campinas, SP, 13083-862, Brazil

    VS Santos & APB Ribeiro

  3. Center of Agricultural Scientes (CCA), Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Campus Araras, Via Anhanguera, km 174, Araras, SP, 13604-900, Brazil

    RG Bastos

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  1. MPC Volpi
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  2. VS Santos
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Correspondence to RG Bastos.

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Volpi, M., Santos, V., Ribeiro, A. et al. The Role of Lignocellulosic Composition and Residual Lipids in Empty Fruit Bunches on the Production of Humic Acids in Submerged Fermentations. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 187, 957–964 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-018-2850-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-018-2850-z

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