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Unusual Stability of a Recombinant Verrucomicrobium spinosum Tyrosinase to Denaturing Agents and Its Use for a Production of a Protein with Adhesive Properties

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Abstract

Tyrosinases catalyze oxidation of phenols with a formation of biphenols, quinones, and highly polymerized melanins. Tyrosinases have prospects for industrial use to remove phenols, also in biosensors, in bioorganic synthesis, and for a production of biocompatible adhesives (medical glues). Despite growing fields of potential applications, a selection of commercially available tyrosinases are currently limited to a single enzyme which is isolated from fruiting bodies of mushrooms. This article describes a preparation of recombinant tyrosinase from a bacterium Verrucomicrobium spinosum using a heterologous expression in Escherichia coli. Recombinant V. spinosum tyrosinase has high specific activity (13,200 U/mg). A resistance of the enzyme was investigated to chemical agents used to denature proteins and keep poorly solvable proteins in a solution. The enzyme preserves activity in the presence of urea and retains at least a fraction of its enzymatic activity at concentrations of urea up to 4.5 M. An addition of sodium lauroyl sarcosinate to 1 or 2% activates the tyrosinase. Novel means of quantitatively expressing tyrosinase activity is described in this article. The method uses a set of parameters obtained from non-linear estimation of the progress curves and is suitable for enzymatic reactions which do not comply with Michaelis–Menten kinetics. Tyrosinase may be used to introduce into proteins a post-translational modification which is a conversion of tyrosine residues (Tyr) into residues of 3,4-dioxyphenylalanine (DOPA). The presence of DOPA provides the polypeptides with a capability of strong molecular adhesion. Co-expression of tyrosinase and a recombinant protein mimicking marine mussel-encoded adhesive proteins resulted in obtaining of the protein in which at least a part of Tyr residues had been converted to DOPA. The DOPA-containing protein had high adhesion strength (2.5 MPa).

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Funding

This study was funded by a grant from the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan, grant number 0115РК01798.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Center for Biotechnology, Korgalzhin hwy 13/5, Astana, Kazakhstan, 010000

    A. S. Axambayeva, L. R. Zhaparova, Zh. S. Shagyrova & A. V. Shustov

  2. Nazarbayev University, Kabanbai Batyr 53, Astana, Kazakhstan, 010000

    E. M. Ramankulov

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  1. A. S. Axambayeva
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  2. L. R. Zhaparova
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  3. Zh. S. Shagyrova
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  4. E. M. Ramankulov
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Correspondence to A. V. Shustov.

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Axambayeva, A.S., Zhaparova, L.R., Shagyrova, Z.S. et al. Unusual Stability of a Recombinant Verrucomicrobium spinosum Tyrosinase to Denaturing Agents and Its Use for a Production of a Protein with Adhesive Properties. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 185, 736–754 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-017-2686-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-017-2686-y

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