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Biological and Mechanical Effects of Micro-Nanostructured Titanium Surface on an Osteoblastic Cell Line In vitro and Osteointegration In vivo

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Abstract

Hybrid micro-nanostructure implant surface was produced on titanium (Ti) surface by acid etching and anodic oxidation to improve the biological and mechanical properties. The biological properties of the micro-nanostructure were investigated by simulated body fluid (SBF) soaking test and MC3T3-E1 cell co-culture experiment. The cell proliferation, spreading, and bone sialoprotein (BSP) gene expression were examined by MTT, SEM, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), respectively. In addition, the mechanical properties were evaluated by instrumented nanoindentation test and friction-wear test. Furthermore, the effect of the micro-nanostructure surface on implant osteointegration was examined by in vivo experiment. The results showed that the formation of bone-like apatite was accelerated on the micro-nanostructured Ti surface after immersion in simulated body fluid, and the proliferation, spreading, and BSP gene expression of the MC3T3-E1 cells were also upregulated on the modified surface. The micro-nanostructured Ti surface displayed decreased friction coefficient, stiffness value, and Young’s modulus which were much closer to those of the cortical bone, compared to the polished Ti surface. This suggested much better mechanical match to the surrounding bone tissue of the micro-nanostructured Ti surface. Furthermore, the in vivo animal experiment showed that after implantation in the rat femora, the micro-nanostructure surface displayed higher bonding strength between bone tissues and implant; hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining suggested that much compact osteoid tissue was observed at the interface of Micro-nano-Ti-bone than polished Ti-bone interface after implantation. Based on these results mentioned above, it was concluded that the improved biological and mechanical properties of the micro-nanostructure endowed Ti surface with good biocompatibility and better osteointegration, implying the enlarged application of the micro-nanostructure surface Ti implants in future.

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge the support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Project No.51201056, No.51401146, and No.81500886), Technology Foundation for returned overseas Chinese scholars (No.C2015003038), Science and Technology Plan Project of Hebei Province (No.13211027), Tianjin Natural Science Foundation (No.16JCYBJC28700), and Science and Technology Correspondent Project of Tianjin (No. 14JCTPJC00496).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China

    Jingzu Hao, Baoe Li, Xiaolin Wang, Haipeng Li, Chunyong Liang & Hongshui Wang

  2. Stomatological Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China

    Ying Li

  3. Department of Gem and Material Technique, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, 300134, China

    Shimin Liu

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  1. Jingzu Hao
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  2. Ying Li
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  3. Baoe Li
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  4. Xiaolin Wang
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Correspondence to Baoe Li or Chunyong Liang.

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Jingzu Hao and Ying Li contributed equally to this work.

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Hao, J., Li, Y., Li, B. et al. Biological and Mechanical Effects of Micro-Nanostructured Titanium Surface on an Osteoblastic Cell Line In vitro and Osteointegration In vivo. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 183, 280–292 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-017-2444-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-017-2444-1

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