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Valorization of By-Products from Palm Oil Mills for the Production of Generic Fermentation Media for Microbial Oil Synthesis

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Abstract

This study demonstrates the production of a generic nutrient-rich feedstock using by-product streams from palm oil production that could be used as a substitute for commercial fermentation supplements. Solid-state fermentations of palm kernel cake (PKC) and palm-pressed fiber (PPF) were conducted in tray bioreactors and a rotating drum bioreactor by the fungal strain Aspergillus oryzae for the production of crude enzymes. The production of protease was optimized (319.3 U/g) at an initial moisture content of 55 %, when PKC was used as the sole substrate. The highest free amino nitrogen (FAN) production (5.6 mg/g) obtained via PKC hydrolysis using the crude enzymes produced via solid-state fermentation was achieved at 50 °C. Three initial PKC concentrations (48.7, 73.7, and 98.7 g/L) were tested in hydrolysis experiments, leading to total Kjeldahl nitrogen to FAN conversion yields up to 27.9 %. Sequential solid-state fermentation followed by hydrolysis was carried out in the same rotating drum bioreactor, leading to the production of 136.7 U/g of protease activity during fermentation and 196.5 mg/L of FAN during hydrolysis. Microbial oil production was successfully achieved with the oleaginous yeast strain Lipomyces starkeyi DSM 70296 cultivated on the produced PKC hydrolysate mixed with commercial carbon sources, including glucose, xylose, mannose, galactose, and arabinose.

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Acknowledgments

The work presented in this study has been funded by ANP, Petrobras (Brazil), and the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development of the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (CNPq/MCTI) through the Special Visiting Researcher fellowship (process number: 313772/2013-4).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55, Athens, Greece

    Erminda Tsouko, Vasiliki Kachrimanidou, Seraphim Papanikolaou & Apostolis A. Koutinas

  2. Biochemistry Department, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Centro de Tecnologia, Bloco A, Lab 549, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-909, Brazil

    Anderson Fragoso dos Santos, Maria Eduarda do Nascimento Vitorino Lima & Denise Maria Guimarães Freire

  3. Biotechnology Division, Research and Development Center, PETROBRAS, Av. Horácio Macedo, 950. Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-915, Brazil

    Aline Machado de Castro

Authors
  1. Erminda Tsouko
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  2. Vasiliki Kachrimanidou
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  3. Anderson Fragoso dos Santos
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  4. Maria Eduarda do Nascimento Vitorino Lima
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  5. Seraphim Papanikolaou
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  6. Aline Machado de Castro
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  7. Denise Maria Guimarães Freire
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  8. Apostolis A. Koutinas
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Correspondence to Denise Maria Guimarães Freire or Apostolis A. Koutinas.

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Maria Guimarães Freire and Apostolis A. Koutinas contributed equally as corresponding authors.

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Tsouko, E., Kachrimanidou, V., dos Santos, A. et al. Valorization of By-Products from Palm Oil Mills for the Production of Generic Fermentation Media for Microbial Oil Synthesis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 181, 1241–1256 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-016-2281-7

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