Abstract
Fumaric acid as a four-carbon unsaturated dicarboxylic acid is widely used in the food and chemical industries. Food waste (FW), rich in carbohydrates and protein, is a promising potential feedstock for renewable bio-based chemicals. In this research, we investigated the capability of Rhizopus arrhizus RH7-13 in producing fumaric acid from FW. The liquid fraction of the FW (L-FW) was proven to be the best seed culture medium in our research. When it was however used to be fermentation medium, the yield of fumaric acid reached 32.68 g/L, at a volumetric production of 0.34 g/L h. The solid fraction of FW mixed with water (S-FW) could also be used as fermentation medium when a certain amount of glucose was added, and the yield of fumaric acid reached 31.26 g/L. The results indicated that both fractions of FW could be well utilized in fermentation process and it could replace a part of common carbon, nitrogen, and nutrient. The process has an application potential since reducing the costs of raw materials.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- FW:
-
food waste
- T-FW:
-
whole food waste (without pretreatment)
- L-FW:
-
liquid portion of food waste
- S-FW:
-
solid portion of food waste mixed with certain amount of water
- S-FWG:
-
glucose with S-FW
- TS:
-
total solid
- VS:
-
volatilizable solid
- TOC:
-
total carbon
- TON:
-
total nitrogen
- C/N:
-
carbon/nitrogen (w/w)
- S (%):
-
sulfur (wt, %)
References
Uçkun Kiran, E., Trzcinski, A. P., Ng, W. J., & Liu, Y. (2014). Bioconversion of food waste to energy: a review. Fuel, 134, 389–399.
Zhang, C., Su, H., Baeyens, J., & Tan, T. (2014). Reviewing the anaerobic digestion of food waste for biogas production. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 38, 383–392.
Melikoglu, M., Lin, C. S. K., & Webb, C. (2013). Analysing global food waste problem: pinpointing the facts and estimating the energy content. Central European Journal of Engineering, 157–164.
Roa Engel, C. A., van Gulik, W. M., Marang, L., van der Wielen, L. A. M., & Straathof, A. J. J. (2011). Development of a low pH fermentation strategy for fumaric acid production by Rhizopus oryzae. Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 48, 39–47.
Roa Engel, C. A., Straathof, A. J. J., Zijlmans, T. W., van Gulik, W. M., & van der Wielen, L. A. M. (2008). Fumaric acid production by fermentation. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 78, 379–389.
Gu, C., Zhou, Y., Liu, L., Tan, T., & Deng, L. (2013). Production of fumaric acid by immobilized Rhizopus arrhizus on net. Bioresource Technology, 131, 303–307.
Deng, Y., Li, S., Xu, Q., Gao, M., & Huang, H. (2012). Production of fumaric acid by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of starchy materials with 2-deoxyglucose-resistant mutant strains of Rhizopus oryzae. Bioresource Technology, 107, 363–367.
Tollefson, J. (2008). Advanced biofuels face an uncertain future. Nature, 452, 670–671.
Zhang, R., El-Mashad, H. M., Hartman, K., Wang, F., Liu, G., Choate, C., & Gamble, P. (2007). Characterization of food waste as feedstock for anaerobic digestion. Bioresource Technology, 98, 929–935.
Cekmecelioglu, D., & Uncu, O. N. (2013). Kinetic modeling of enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated kitchen wastes for enhancing bioethanol production. Waste Management, 33, 735–739.
Show, K. Y., Lee, D. J., Tay, J. H., Lin, C. Y., & Chang, J. S. (2012). Biohydrogen production: current perspectives and the way forward. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 37, 15616–15631.
Zhang, C., Su, H., & Tan, T. (2013). Batch and semi-continuous anaerobic digestion of food waste in a dual solid-liquid system. Bioresource Technology, 145, 10–16.
Elbeshbishy, E., Hafez, H., Dhar, B. R., & Nakhla, G. (2011). Single and combined effect of various pretreatment methods for biohydrogen production from food waste. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 36, 11379–11387.
Bernstad, A., Malmquist, L., Truedsson, C., & la Cour Jansen, J. (2013). Need for improvements in physical pretreatment of source-separated household food waste. Waste Management, 33, 746–754.
Xu, Q., Li, S., Huang, H., & Wen, J. (2012). Key technologies for the industrial production of fumaric acid by fermentation. Biotechnology Advances, 30, 1685–1696.
Liu, S., Nie, K., Zhang, X., Wang, M., Deng, L., Ye, X., Wang, F., & Tan, T. (2014). Kinetic study on lipase-catalyzed biodiesel production from waste cooking oil. Journal of Molecular Catalysis B: Enzymatic, 99, 43–50.
Zhou, Y., Nie, K., Zhang, X., Liu, S., Wang, M., Deng, L., Wang, F., & Tan, T. (2014). Production of fumaric acid from biodiesel-derived crude glycerol by Rhizopus arrhizus. Bioresource Technology, 163, 48–53.
Liu, H., Wang, W., Deng, L., Wang, F., & Tan, T. (2015). High production of fumaric acid from xylose by newly selected strain Rhizopus arrhizus RH 7-13-9#. Bioresource Technology, 186, 348–350.
Zhen, G., Kun, Z., He, H., Shuang, L., & Ping, W. (2009). Fumaric acid production by Rhizopus sp. Progress in Chemistry, 21, 251–264.
Association, A. P. H. Water Environment Federation (1995). Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. Washington, DC.
Li, Z., Deng, L., Lu, J., Guo, X., Yang, Z., & Tan, T. (2010). Enzymatic synthesis of fatty acid methyl esters from crude rice bran oil with immobilized Candida sp. 99–125. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 18, 870–875.
Xu, Q., Li, S., Fu, Y., Tai, C., & Huang, H. (2010). Two-stage utilization of corn straw by Rhizopus oryzae for fumaric acid production. Bioresource Technology, 101, 6262–6264.
Wen, S., Liu, L., Nie, K. L., Deng, L., Tan, T. W., & Wang, F. (2013). Enhanced fumaric acid production by fermentation of xylose using a modified strain of Rhizopus arrhizus. BioResources, 8, 2186–2194.
Ieggli, C., Bohrer, D., Do Nascimento, P., & De Carvalho, L. (2011). Determination of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, zinc and iron in emulsified chocolate samples by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Food Chemistry, 124, 1189–1193.
Zhou, Z., Du, G., Hua, Z., Zhou, J., & Chen, J. (2011). Optimization of fumaric acid production by Rhizopus delemar based on the morphology formation. Bioresource Technology, 102, 9345–9349.
Ding, Y., Li, S., Dou, C., Yu, Y., & Huang, H. (2011). Production of fumaric acid by Rhizopus oryzae: role of carbon–nitrogen ratio. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 164, 1461–1467.
Acknowledgments
This research was financially supported by the Amoy Industrial Biotechnology R&D and Pilot Conversion Platform (No. 3502Z20121009), the international cooperation projects of Antrodia cinnamomea (No. 2015DFT30050), and the Ministry of Science and Technology Innovation Fund for Small and medium-sized enterprises (No. 14C26213511838).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Liu, H., Ma, J., Wang, M. et al. Food Waste Fermentation to Fumaric Acid by Rhizopus arrhizus RH7-13 . Appl Biochem Biotechnol 180, 1524–1533 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-016-2184-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-016-2184-7