Abstract
Rhamnolipid was applied to degrade anthracene and pyrene in reversed micelles. The parameters in degradation were optimized for the purpose of improving degradation rates. The proper amount of rhamnolipid (RL) used for degrading anthracene was 0.065 mM, while 0.075 mM for pyrene. However, reaction time for degrading both anthracene and pyrene was 48 h. The optimum water content, pH, laccase concentration, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) initial concentration, and volume ratio of n-hexanol to isooctane for both were found out. The highest degradation rates of anthracene and pyrene were 37.52 and 25.58 %, respectively. Although the degradation rates were not higher than the results previous literatures reported, this method was of novelty and provided guidance in application in degrading PAHs by reversed micellar system, especially for biosurfactant-based reversed micelles.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Pozdnyakova, N. N., Nikiforova, S. V., Makarov, O. E., & Turkovskaya, O. V. (2011). Effect of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on laccase production by white rot fungus Pleurotus ostreatus D1. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 47, 543–548.
Mahanty, B., Pakshirajan, K., & Dasu, V. V. (2006). Production and properties of a biosurfactant applied to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon solubilization. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 134, 129–141.
Tavares, A. P. M., Coelho, M. A. Z., Agapito, M. S. M., Coutinho, J. A. P., & Xavier, A. M. R. B. (2006). Optimization and modeling of laccase production by Trametes versicolor in a bioreactor using statistical experimental design. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 134, 233–248.
Michizoe, J., Ichinose, H., Kamiya, N., Maruyama, T., & Goto, M. (2005). Biodegradation of phenolic environmental pollutants by a surfactant-Laccase complex in organic media. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 99, 642–647.
Kudanga, T., Nyanhongo, G. S., Guebitz, G. M., & Burton, S. (2011). Potential applications of laccase-mediated coupling and grafting reactions: a review. Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 48, 195–208.
Cambria, M. T., Minniti, Z., Librando, V., & Cambria, A. (2008). Degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by Rigidoporus lignosus and its laccase in the presence of redox mediators. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 149, 1–8.
Talukder, M. M. R., Zaman, M. M., Hayashi, Y., Wu, J. C., & Kawanishi, T. (2007). Thermostability of Cromobacterium viscosum lipase in AOT/isooctane reverse micelle. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 141, 77–83.
Talukder, M. M. R., Takeyama, T., Hayashi, Y., Wu, J. C., Kawanishi, T., Shimizu, N., & Ogino, C. (2003). Improvement in enzyme activity and stability by addition of low molecular weight polyethylene glycol to sodium bis(2-ethyl-L-hexyl)sulfosuccinate/isooctane reverse micellar system. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 110, 101–112.
Hasmann, F. A., Pessoa, A., & Roberto, I. C. (2000). β-Xylosidase recovery by reversed micelles. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 84–86, 1101–1111.
Yu, T., & Cao, X. (2014). Effect of chaotropes on lipase back extraction recovery in the process of reverse micellar extraction. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 172, 3287–3296.
Zhao, X., Chen, J., Lu, Z., Ling, X., Deng, P., Zhu, Q., & Du, F. (2011). Analysis of the amino acids of soy globulins by AOT reverse micelles and aqueous buffer. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 165, 802–813.
Martinek, K., Klyachko, N. L., Kabanov, A. V., Khmelnitsky, Y. L., & Levashov, A. V. (1989). Micellar enzymology: its relation to membranology. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Biomembranes, 981(2), 161–172.
Sun, Q., Yang, Y., Lu, Y., & Lu, W. (2011). Extraction of bovine serum albumin using reverse micelles formed by hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 163, 744–755.
Carvalho, C. M. L., & Cabral, J. (2000). Reverse micelles as reaction media for lipases. Biochimie, 82(11), 1063–1085.
Biasutti, M. A., Abuin, E. A., Silber, J. J. N., Correa, M., & Lissi, E. A. (2008). Kinetics of reactions catalyzed by enzymes in solutions of surfactants. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 136, 1–24.
Peng, X., Yuan, X. Z., Zeng, G. M., Huang, H. J., Wang, H., Liu, H., Bao, S., Ma, Y. J., Cui, K. L., Leng, L. J., & Xiao, Z. H. (2014). Synchronous extraction of lignin peroxidase and manganese peroxidase from Phanerochaete chrysosporium fermentation broth. Separation and Purification Technology, 123, 164–170.
Peng, X., Yuan, X. Z., Zeng, G. M., Huang, H. J., Zhong, H., & Liu, Z. F. (2012). Extraction and purification of laccase by employing a novel rhamnolipid reversed micellar system. Process Biochemistry, 47, 742–748.
Pickard, M. A., Roman, R., Tinoco, R., & Vazquez-Duhalt, R. (1999). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolism by white rot fungi and oxidation by Coriolopsis gallica UAMH 8260 laccase. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 65, 3805–3809.
Kimura, M., Michizoe, J., Oakazaki, S., Furusaki, S., Goto, M., Tanak, H., & Warishi, H. (2004). Activation of lignin peroxidase in organic media by reversed micelles. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 88, 495–501.
Liang, Y. S., Yuan, X. Z., Zeng, G. M., Zhong, H., Li, H., & Wang, W. W. (2011). Effects of surfactants on enzyme-containing reversed micellar system. Science in China, Series B Chemistry, 5, 715–723.
Luisi, P. L., Magid, L. J., & Fendler, J. H. (1986). Solubilization of enzymes and nucleic acids in hydrocarbon micellar solution. Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 20(4), 409–474.
Gandin, E., Lion, Y., & Van, V. A. (1984). Diffusion-concentration product of oxygen within water pools of Aerosol OT-heptane reverse micelles. The Journal of Physical Chemistry, 88(2), 280–284.
Fletcher, P. D. I., Howe, A. M., & Robinson, B. H. (1987). The kinetics of solubilisate exchange between water droplets of a water-in-oil microemulsions. Journal of the Chemical Society, 83, 985–1006.
Michizoe, J., Ichinose, H., Kamiya, N., Maruyama, T., & Goto, M. (2005). Functionalization of the cytochrome P450cam monooxygenase system in the cell-like aqueous compartments of water-in-oil emulsions. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 99, 12–17.
Eibes, G., McCann, C., Pedezert, A., Moreira, M. T., Feijoo, G., & Lema, J. M. (2010). Study of mass transfer and biocatalyst stability for the enzymatic degradation of anthracene in a two-phase partitioning bioreactor. Biochemical Engineering Journal, 51, 79–85.
Gitsov, I., Hamzik, J., Ryan, J., Simonyan, A., Nakas, J. P., Omori, S., Krastanov, A., Cohen, T., & Tanenbaum, S. W. (2008). Enzymatic nanoreactors for environmentally benign biotransformations. 1. Formation and catalytic activity of supramolecular complexes of laccase and linear-dendritic block copolymers. Biomacromolecules, 9, 804–811.
Keum, Y. S., & Li, Q. X. (2004). Fungal laccase-catalyzed degradation of hydroxy polychlorinated biphenyls. Chemosphere, 56, 23–30.
Auriol, M., Filali-Meknassi, Y., Tyagi, R. D., & Adams, C. D. (2007). Laccase-catalyzed conversion of natural and synthetic hormones from a municipal wastewater. Water Research, 41, 3281–3288.
Fukuda, T., Uchida, H., Takashima, Y., Uwajima, T., Kawabata, T., & Suzuki, M. (2001). Degradation of bisphenol a by purified laccase from Trametes villosa. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 284, 704–706.
Kim, Y. J., & Nicell, J. A. (2006). Laccase catalysed oxidation of aqueous triclosan. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 81, 1344–1352.
Zhang, J., Liu, X., Xu, Z., Chen, H., & Yang, Y. (2008). Degradation of chlorophenols catalyzed by laccase. International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation, 61, 351–356.
Mathew, D. S., & Juang, R. S. (2005). Improved back extraction of papain from AOT reverse micelles using alcohols and a counter-ionic surfactant. Biochemical Engineering Journal, 25, 219–225.
Miichizoe, J., Goto, M., & Furusaki, S. (2005). Catalytic activity of lactase hosted in reversed micelles. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 92, 67–71.
Mohidem, N. A., & Mat, H. B. (2012). The catalytic activity enhancement and biodegradation potential of free laccase and novel sol-gel laccase in non-conventional solvents. Bioresource Technology, 114, 472–477.
Shuler, M. L., & Kargi, F. (2005). Bioprocess engineering. New Jersey: Upper Saddle River.
Liu, J. G., Xing, J. M., Chang, T. S., & Liu, H. Z. (2006). Purification of nattokinase by reverse micelles extraction from fermentation broth: effect of temperature and phase volume ratio. Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering, 28, 267–273.
Clark, D. S. (2004). Characteristics of nearly dry enzymes in organic solvents: implications for biocatalysis in the absence of water. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 359, 1299–1307.
Zhang, W., Huang, X., Li, Y., Qu, Y., & Gao, P. (2006). Catalytic activity of lignin peroxidase and partition of veratryl alcohol in AOT/isooctane/toluene/water reverse micelles. Applied Microbiology Biotechnology., 70, 315–320.
Acknowledgments
This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21276069 and 71431006). The authors appreciate contributions of Kaitlin Jorgensen for language reviewing.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Peng, X., Yuan, Xz., Liu, H. et al. Degradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) by Laccase in Rhamnolipid Reversed Micellar System. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 176, 45–55 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-015-1508-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-015-1508-3