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Effects of Saline-Alkaline Stress on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench

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Abstract

In order to study the adaptation ability of sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) in the Yellow River Delta, the sweet sorghum variety Mart was used in this study to determine the roles of different saline-alkaline ratio stress treatment during seed germination to seedling stage. The results showed that Na+ concentration had a significant impact on the seed germination, seedling growth, and plant survival of sweet sorghum. Increasing Na+ concentration led to a decline in germination rate, final germination percentage, survival percentage, plant height, and dry weight per plant, a prolonged mean time of germination, as well as loss of improvement effect of low-Na+ concentration. The interaction effect of Na+ concentration and pH on the mean time of germination and germination rate was not significant (p < 0.05). However, under the condition of low-Na+ concentration (100 mM), high pH reduced the mean time of germination and increased the germination rate, without decline in final germination percentage and survival percentage. Therefore, at least in the duration of seed germination to the harvest period in the research, the sweet sorghum was resistant to the pH stress (≥9.04) when the Na+ concentration was below 100 mM. When suffered from the saline-alkaline stress, the seedling of sweet sorghum was characterized by ecological adaptive features, such as decreased stem ratio and chlorophyll b content in leaves and increased root ratio and chlorophyll a content, in order to maintain the uptakes of water and nutrient, and carbon assimilation. When the stress intensified, the lipid oxidation products, e.g., malondialdehyde (MDA), increased in sweet sorghum seedlings. However, the increasing of soluble protein content and antioxidant enzyme activity (superoxide dismutase (SOD), guaiacol peroxidase (POD), and gatalase (CAT)) was only founded in neutral low-Na+ concentration treatment (A1), which indicated that high-salt concentration and pH all elicited harmful effects and limited the self-healing ability of sweet sorghum seedlings. In all, in order to grow sweet sorghum in the saline-alkaline soils of the Yellow River Delta, the salt concentration and pH value of the soil must be taken into consideration, and seeding density should be increased and supported by appropriate irrigation measures to reduce saline-alkaline stress so as to ensure the survival and growth of sweet sorghum seedlings.

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful for the financial support from the Eleventh and Twelfth Five-year Plan for Supporting Science and Technology of China (Nos. 2010BAC68B01 and 2011BAC02B01-05), Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (No. ZR2013CL001), Project of Shandong Province Development Program (No. J13LE57), Plan of Services Action of Binzhou University (No. BZXYFB20100405), and Doctoral Scientific Research Foundation of Binzhou University (No. 2013Y06). We thank colleague’s help in language revision and anonymous reviewers for rigorous and fair comments.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Restoration Ecology, School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

    Yanyun Zhao & Zhaohua Lu

  2. Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Science for Yellow River Delta, Binzhou University, Binzhou, People’s Republic of China

    Yanyun Zhao & Zhaohua Lu

  3. Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China

    Lei He

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Correspondence to Zhaohua Lu.

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Zhao, Y., Lu, Z. & He, L. Effects of Saline-Alkaline Stress on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 173, 1680–1691 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-014-0956-5

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