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Effects of Pipe Materials on Chlorine-resistant Biofilm Formation Under Long-term High Chlorine Level

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Abstract

Drinking water distribution systems are composed of various pipe materials and may harbor biofilms even in the continuous presence of disinfectants. Biofilms formation on five pipe materials (copper (Cu), polyethylene (PE), stainless steel (STS), cast iron (CI), and concrete-coated polycarbonate (CP)) within drinking water containing 1.20 mg/L free chlorine, was investigated by flow cytometry, heterotrophic plate counts, and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis. Results showed that the biofilms formation varied in pipe materials. The biofilm formed on CP initially emerged the highest biomass in 12 days, but CI presented the significantly highest biomass after 28 days, and Cu showed the lowest bacterial numbers before 120 days, while STS expressed the lowest bacterial numbers after 159 days. In the biofilm community structure, Moraxella osloensis and Sphingomonas sp. were observed in all the pipe materials while Bacillus sp. was detected except in the CP pipe and Stenotrophomonas maltophila was found from three pipe materials (Cu, PE, and STS). Other bacteria were only found from one or two pipe materials. It is noteworthy that there are 11 opportunistic pathogens in the 17 classified bacterial strains. This research has afforded crucial information regarding the influence of pipe materials on chlorine-resistant biofilm formation.

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Acknowledgments

This study was financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation for Youth of China (51108123) and State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (Harbin Institute of Technology) (2014TS08).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150090, Harbin, China

    Zebing Zhu, Chenguang Wu, Dan Zhong, Yixing Yuan, Lili Shan & Jie Zhang

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  1. Zebing Zhu
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  2. Chenguang Wu
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  3. Dan Zhong
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  4. Yixing Yuan
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  5. Lili Shan
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Correspondence to Dan Zhong.

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Zhu, Z., Wu, C., Zhong, D. et al. Effects of Pipe Materials on Chlorine-resistant Biofilm Formation Under Long-term High Chlorine Level. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 173, 1564–1578 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-014-0935-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-014-0935-x

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