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Copper Response of Proteus hauseri Based on Proteomic and Genetic Expression and Cell Morphology Analyses

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Abstract

The copper response of Proteus hauseri ZMd44 was determined using one-dimensional (1D) gel electrophoresis coupled with MALDI-TOF-TOF mass spectrometry for a similarity analysis of proteins isolated from P. hauseri ZMd44 cultured in CuSO4-bearing LB medium. Candidate proteins identified as a copper-transporting P-type ATPase (CTPP), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), flagellin (Fla), and outer membrane proteins (Omps) were the major copper-associated proteins in P. hauseri. In a comparative analysis of subcellular (i.e., periplasmic, intracellular, and inner membranes) and cellular debris, proteomics analysis revealed a distinct differential expression of proteins in P. hauseri with and without copper ion exposure. These findings were consistent with the transcription level dynamics determined using quantitative real-time PCR. Based on a genetic cluster analysis of copper-associated proteins from P. hauseri, Fla and one of the Omps showed greater diversity in their protein sequences compared to those of other Proteus species. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and the observed growth on LB agar plates showed that the swarming motility of cells was significantly suppressed and inhibited upon Cu(II) exposure. Thus, copper stress could have important therapeutic significance due to the loss of swarming motility capacity in P. hauseri, which causes urinary tract infections.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to the financial support by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2011121017), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21206141), and the Fujian Provincial Department of Science & Technology (2012I0009). The authors also sincerely appreciate the academic connection program between Xiamen University (China) and National I-Lan University (Taiwan) in 2011–2014 for the study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China

    I-Son Ng, Xuesong Zheng, Nan Wang, Xia Zhang & Yinghua Lu

  2. The Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China

    I-Son Ng & Yinghua Lu

  3. Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National I-Lan University, I-lan, 26047, Taiwan

    Bor-Yann Chen

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  1. I-Son Ng
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Correspondence to I-Son Ng.

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Xuesong Zheng and Nan Wang contributed equally to this work.

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Ng, IS., Zheng, X., Wang, N. et al. Copper Response of Proteus hauseri Based on Proteomic and Genetic Expression and Cell Morphology Analyses. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 173, 1057–1072 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-014-0892-4

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