Abstract
The effect of dissolved oxygen (DO) and agitation rate in open and closed reactors was examined for sulfur-utilizing autotrophic denitrification. The reaction rate constants were determined based on a half-order kinetic model. Declining denitrification rate constants obtained for open reactors those of 8.46, 8.03, and 2.18 for 50 mg NO3 −-N/L, while 11.12, 9.14, and 0.12 mg1/2/L1/2 h were for 100 mg NO3 −-N/L at agitation speeds of 0, 100, and 200 rpm. In closed reactors, the ever-increasing denitrification rates were 10.13, 22.56, and 37.03, whereas for the same nitrate concentrations and speeds the rates were 13.17, 15.63, and 26.67 mg1/2/L1/2 h. The rate constants correlated well (r 2 = 0.89–0.99) with a half-order kinetic model. In open reactors, high SO4 2−/N ratios (8.02–75.10) while in closed reactors comparatively low SO4 2−/N ratios (6.10–13.39) were obtained. Sulfur oxidation occurred continuously in the presence of DO, resulting in mixed cultures acclimated to sulfur and nitrate. SO4 2− was produced as an end product, which reduced alkalinity and lowered pH over time. Furthermore, DO inhibited sulfur denitrification in open reactors, while agitation in closed reactors increased the rate of denitrification.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Moon, H. S., Chang, S. W., Nam, K., Choe, J., & Kim, J. Y. (2006). Environmental Pollution, 144, 802–807.
Stelzer, R. S., & Joachim, B. L. (2010). Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 58, 694–699.
Liu, H., Jiang, W., Wan, D., & Qu, J. (2009). Journal of Hazardous Materials, 169, 23–28.
US EPA. (2008). Integrated Science Assessment (ISA) for oxides of nitrogen and sulfur environmental criteria (second external review draft). Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
Sierra-Alvarez, R., Beristain-Cardoso, R., Salazar, M., Gómez, J., Razo-Flores, E., & Field, J. A. (2007). Water Research, 41, 1253–1262.
Batchelor, B., & Lawrence, A. W. (1978). Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation, 50, 1986–2001.
Driscoll, C. T., & Bisogni, J. J. (1978). Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation, 50, 569–577.
Oh, S. E., Yoo, Y. B., Young, J. C., & Kim, I. S. (2001). Journal of Biotechnology, 92, 1–8.
Liu, L. H., & Koenig, A. (2002). Process Biochemistry, 37, 885–893.
Betlach, M. R., & Tiedje, J. M. (1981). Applied Environment Microbiology, 42, 1074–1084.
Oh, S. E., Hassan, S. H. A., & Van Ginkel, S. W. (2010). Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 154, 17–21.
Oh, J., & Silverstein, J. (1999). Journal of Environmental Engineering, 125, 234–242.
Niel, E. W. J., Braber, K. J., Robertson, L. A., & Kuenen, J. G. (1992). Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek, 62, 231–237.
Davies, K. J. P., Lloyd, D., & Boddy, L. (1989). Journal of General Microbiology, 135, 2445–2451.
Moir, J., Richardson, D., & Ferguson, S. (1995). Archives of Microbiology, 164, 43–49.
Oh, S. E., Bum, M. S., Yoo, Y. B., Zubair, A., & Kim, I. S. (2003). Water Science and Technology, 47, 237–244.
Clesceri, L. S., Eaton, A. D., Greenberg, A. E., & Franson, M. A. H. (1996). A. American public health, A. American water works, F. Water environment, standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater: 19th edition supplement. Washington, DC: American Public Health Association.
Claus, G., & Kutzner, H. J. (1985). Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 22, 283–288.
Koenig, A., & Liu, L. H. (2001). Water Research, 35, 1969–1978.
Darbi, A., & Viraraghavan, T. (2003). Water Quality Research Journal of Canada, 38, 183–192.
Koenig, A., & Liu, L. H. (2002). Journal of Biotechnology, 99, 161–171.
Moon, H. S., Nam, K., & Kim, J. Y. (2006). Journal of Environmental Engineering, 132, 971–975.
Gomez, M. A., Hontoria, E., & Gonzalez-Lopez, J. (2002). Journal of Hazardous Materials, 90, 267–278.
Traveres, A. S. P. P., Moura, J. J. G., & Moura, I. (2006). Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry, 100, 2087–2100.
Sikora, L. J., & Keeney, D. R. (1976). Journal of Environmental Quality, 5, 298–303.
Moon, H. S., Ahn, K. H., Lee, S., Nam, K., & Kim, J. Y. (2004). Environmental Pollution, 129, 499–507.
Schippers, J. C., Kruithof, J. C., Mulder, F. G., & van Lieshout, J. W. (1987). Aqua (Oxford), 5, 274–280.
Sahinkaya, E. (2009). International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation, 63, 245–251.
Bak, F., & Cypionka, H. (1987). Nature, 326, 891–892.
Moon, H. S., Shin, D. Y., Nam, K., & Kim, J. Y. (2008). Chemosphere, 73, 723–728.
A. Koenig, L.H. Liu, (1996) 469–476.
Zhang, T. C., & Shan, J. (1999). Water Environment Research, 71, 1283–1291.
Zhang, T. C., & Lampe, D. G. (1999). Water Research, 33, 599–608.
Acknowledgment
This work was supported by a grant from the Institute of Environmental Research at Kangwon National University.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Qambrani, N.A., Oh, SE. Effect of Dissolved Oxygen Tension and Agitation Rates on Sulfur-Utilizing Autotrophic Denitrification: Batch Tests. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 169, 181–191 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-012-9955-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-012-9955-6