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Optimization of Elicitation Conditions with Methyl Jasmonate and Salicylic Acid to Improve the Productivity of Withanolides in the Adventitious Root Culture of Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal

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Abstract

Adventitious root cultures derived from leaf derived callus of Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal were treated with methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid independently. Biomass accumulation, culture age, elicitation period, and culture duration were optimized for higher withanolides production in the two best-responding varieties collected from Kolli hills (Eastern Ghats) and Cumbum (Western Ghats) of Tamil Nadu, India. Between the two elicitors, salicylic acid (SA) improved the production of major withanolides (withanolide A, withanolide B, withaferin A, and withanone) as well as minor constituents (12-deoxy withastramonolide, withanoside V, and withanoside IV) in the Kolli hills variety. Treatment of root biomass (11.70 g FW) on 30-day-old adventitious root cultures with 150 μM SA for 4 h elicitor exposure period resulted in the production of 64.65 mg g−l dry weight (DW) withanolide A (48-fold), 33.74 mg g−l DW withanolide B (29-fold), 17.47 mg g−l DW withaferin A (20-fold), 42.88 mg g−l DW withanone (37-fold), 5.34 mg g−l DW 12-deoxy withastramonolide (nine fold), 7.23 mg g−l DW withanoside V (seven fold), and 9.45 mg g−l DW withanoside IV (nine fold) after 10 days of elicitation (40th day of culture) when compared to untreated cultures. This is the first report on the use of elicitation strategy on the significant improvement in withanolides production in the adventitious root cultures of W. somnifera.

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Acknowledgments

The first author gratefully acknowledges the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Government of India, for the award of CSIR-SRF. The authors wish to thank Council of Scientific and Industrial Research [CSIR] (sanction no. 38 (1180/08/EMR-II)), Government of India for financial support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620-024, Tamil Nadu, India

    Ganeshan Sivanandhan, Muthukrishnan Arun, Subramanian Mayavan, Manoharan Rajesh, Murugaraj Jeyaraj, Gnanajothi Kapil Dev, Markandan Manickavasagam & Andy Ganapathi

  2. Periyar E. V. R College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli, 620-023, Tamil Nadu, India

    Natesan Selvaraj

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  1. Ganeshan Sivanandhan
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Table S1

Effect of MeJ and SA elicitation and elicitation time on fresh weight, dry weight, and growth index from adventitious root culture of Kolli hill and Cumbum varieties of W. somnifera (DOC 42 kb)

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Sivanandhan, G., Arun, M., Mayavan, S. et al. Optimization of Elicitation Conditions with Methyl Jasmonate and Salicylic Acid to Improve the Productivity of Withanolides in the Adventitious Root Culture of Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 168, 681–696 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-012-9809-2

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