Abstract
Biological conversion of biomass into fuels and chemicals requires hydrolysis of the polysaccharide fraction into monomeric sugars prior to fermentation. Hydrolysis can be performed enzymatically or with mineral acids. In this study, dilute sulfuric acid was used as a catalyst for the pretreatment of rapeseed straw. The purpose of this study is to optimize the pretreatment process in a 15-mL bomb tube reactor and investigate the effects of the acid concentration, temperature, and reaction time. These parameters influence hemicellulose removal and production of sugars (xylose, glucose, and arabinose) in the hydrolyzate as well as the formation of by-products (furfural, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, and acetic acid). Statistical analysis was based on a model composition corresponding to a 33 orthogonal factorial design and employed the response surface methodology to optimize the pretreatment conditions, aiming to attain maximum xylan, mannan, and galactan (XMG) extraction from hemicellulose of rapeseed straw. The obtained optimum conditions were: H2SO4 concentration of 1.76% and temperature of 152.6 °C with a reaction time of 21 min. Under these optimal conditions, 85.5% of the total sugar was recovered after acid hydrolysis (78.9% XMG and 6.6% glucan). The hydrolyzate contained 1.60 g/L glucose, 0.61 g/L arabinose, 10.49 g/L xylose, mannose, and galactose, 0.39 g/L cellobiose, 0.94 g/L fructose, 0.02 g/L 1,6-anhydro-glucose, 1.17 g/L formic acid, 2.94 g/L acetic acid, 0.04 g/L levulinic acid, 0.04 g/L 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, and 0.98 g/L furfural.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Petersson, A., Thomsen, M. H., Hauggaard-Nielsen, H., & Thomsen, A. B. (2007). Biomass and Bioenergy, 31(11–12), 812–819.
Pimentel, D., & Patzek, T. W. (2005). Natural Resources Research, 14(1), 65–76.
Farell, A. E., Pelvin, R. J., Turner, B. T., Jones, A. D., O’Hare, M., & Kammen, D. M. (2006). Science, 311, 506–508.
Wyman, C. E. (1996). Ethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass: Overview. In C. E. Wyman (Ed.), Handbook on bioethanol, production and utilization (pp. 1–18). Washington DC: Taylor & Francis.
Sheehan, J., & Himmel, M. (1999). Biotechnology Progress, 15, 817–827.
Zhao, Y., Wang, Y., Zhu, J. Y., Ragauskas, A., & Deng, Y. (2008). Biotechnology and Bioenergy, 99, 1320–1328.
Lu, X. B., Zhang, Y. M., Yang, J., & Liang, Y. (2007). Chemical Engineering and Technology, 30, 938–944.
Rowell, R. M., & Keany, F. M. (1991). Wood Fiber Sci, 23, 15–22.
Sun, X. F., Sun, R. C., & Sun, J. X. (2002). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 50, 6428–6433.
Gong, C. S., Chen, C. S., & Chen, L. F. (1993). Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 39/40, 83–88.
Almazán, O., González, L., & Gálvez, L. (2001). Sugar Cane International, 7, 3–8.
Um, B. H., & van Walsum, G. P. (2009). Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 153(1-3), 157–183.
Kim, S. B., Um, B. H., & Park, S. C. (2001). Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 91–93, 81–94.
Zaldivar, J., Nielsen, J., & Olsson, L. (2001). Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 56, 17–34.
Lynd, L. R., Wyman, C. E., & Gerngross, T. U. (1999). Biotechnology Progress, 15, 777–793.
Han, K. H., Ko, J. H., & Yang, S. H. (2007). Biofuels Bioproducts and Biorefining, 1, 135–146.
Sun, Y., & Cheng, J. (2002). Bioresource Technology, 83(1), 1–11.
Galbe, M., Sassner, P., Wingren, A., & Zacchi, G. (2007). Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology, 108, 303–327.
Um, B. H., Karim, M. N., & Henk, L. L. (2003). Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 105, 115–126.
Aden, A., Ruth, M., Ibsen, K., Jechura, J., Neeves, K., Sheehan, J. et al. (2002). Lignocellulosic Biomass to Ethanol Process Design and Economics Utilizing Co-Current Dilute Acid Prehydrolysis and Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Corn Stover, NREL/TP-510-32438.
Mosier, N., Wyman, C., Dale, B., Elander, R., Lee, Y. Y., Holtzapple, M., et al. (2005). Bioresource Technology, 96(6), 673–686.
Pu, Y., Zhang, D., Singh, P. M., & Ragauskas, A. J. (2008). Biofuels Bioproducts and Biorefining, 2(1), 58–73.
Overend, R. P., & Chornet, E. (1987). Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, A321, 523–536.
Chum, H. L., Johnson, D. K., Black, S. K., & Overend, R. O. (1991). Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 24–25, 1–14.
Abatzoglou, N., Chornet, E., Belkacemi, K., & Overend, R. P. (1992). Chemical Engineering Science, 47(5), 1109–1122.
Garrote, G., Dominguez, H., & Parajo, J. C. (1999). Holz Roh Werkstoff, 57, 191–202.
Lu, X., Zhang, Y., & Angerlidaki, I. (2008). Bioresource Technology, 100, 3048–3053.
Giovanni, M. (1983). Food Technology, 37, 96–105.
NREL. (2004). Chemical Analysis and Testing Laboratory Analytical Procedures (CAT). Golden: National Renewable Energy Laboratory.
Jørgensen, H., Kristensen, J. B., & Felby, C. (2007). Biofuels Bioproducts and Biorefining, 1, 119–134.
Kim, T. H., Kim, J. S., Sunwoo, C., & Lee, Y. Y. (2003). Bioresource Technology, 90, 39–47.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Jeong, TS., Um, BH., Kim, JS. et al. Optimizing Dilute-Acid Pretreatment of Rapeseed Straw for Extraction of Hemicellulose. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 161, 22–33 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-009-8898-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-009-8898-z