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Hemolytic and Antimicrobial Activities Differ Among Saponin-rich Extracts From Guar, Quillaja, Yucca, and Soybean

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Abstract

Hemolytic and antibacterial activities of eight serial concentrations ranged from 5-666 µg/mL of saponin-rich extracts from guar meal (GM), quillaja, yucca, and soybean were tested in 96-well plates and read by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay plate-well as 650 nm. Hemolytic assay used a 1% suspension of chicken red blood cells with water and phosphate buffered saline as positive and negative controls, respectively. Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium, and Escherichia coli were evaluated using ampicillin and bacteria without saponin-rich extract as positive and negative controls, respectively. The 100% MeOH GM and commercial quillaja saponin-rich extracts were significantly the highest in both hemolytic and antibacterial activities against all bacteria at the same concentration tested. Soybean saponin-rich extract had no antibacterial activity against any of the bacteria at the concentrations tested while yucca saponin-rich extract had no antibacterial activity against the gram-negative bacteria at the concentrations tested. GM and quillaja saponin-rich extracts were hemolytic, while yucca and soybean saponin-rich extracts were not hemolytic at the concentrations tested. No saponin-rich extract source had antibacterial activity against S. typhimurium or E. coli at the concentrations tested. Both GM and quillaja saponin-rich extracts exhibited antibacterial activity against S. aureus. Saponin-rich extracts from different plant sources have different hemolytic and antibacterial activities.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biotechnology Research Center, Suez Canal University, Ismailia City, Egypt

    Sherif M. Hassan

  2. Animal and Fish Production Department, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

    Sherif M. Hassan

  3. U.S.D.A., Agriculture Research Center, College Station, TX, 77843-2480, USA

    James A. Byrd

  4. Poultry Science Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2472, USA

    Aubry L. Cartwright & Chris A. Bailey

Authors
  1. Sherif M. Hassan
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  2. James A. Byrd
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  4. Chris A. Bailey
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Correspondence to Sherif M. Hassan.

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Hassan, S.M., Byrd, J.A., Cartwright, A.L. et al. Hemolytic and Antimicrobial Activities Differ Among Saponin-rich Extracts From Guar, Quillaja, Yucca, and Soybean. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 162, 1008–1017 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-009-8838-y

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