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Algorithm for Femoral and Periacetabular Osteotomies in Complex Hip Deformities

  • Symposium: Papers Presented at the 2009 Closed Meeting of the International Hip Society
  • Published:
Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research®

Abstract

Background

Residual acetabular dysplasia of the hip in most patients can be corrected by periacetabular osteotomy. However, some patients have intraarticular abnormalities causing insufficient coverage, containment or congruency after periacetabular osteotomy, or extraarticular abnormalities that limit either acetabular correction or hip motion. For these patients, we believe an additional proximal femoral osteotomy can improve coverage, containment, congruency and/or motion.

Purposes

We provide algorithms for (1) identifying patients we believe will benefit from proximal femoral osteotomy, (2) selecting the appropriate osteotomy, and (3) choosing the sequence of these osteotomies.

Methods

Anteroposterior, false-profile and functional radiographs and MR can identify most patients we believe will benefit from periacetabular and femoral osteotomies. Recently described techniques, including relative femoral neck lengthening, femoral neck osteotomy and femoral head osteotomy have expanded indications for a combined procedure. Historically performed first, periacetabular osteotomy is now frequently performed following femoral osteotomy.

Results

The rate of intertrochanteric osteotomy performed with periacetabular osteotomy has decreased from approximately 10% in the first 500 surgeries to about 2% currently. Among 151 relative neck lengthenings (23 with PAO), 53 femoral neck osteotomies (4 with PAO) and 14 femoral head osteotomies (11 with PAO), eleven complications occurred including osteonecrosis in two and delayed unions in eight. No complication occurred following a combined procedure.

Conclusion

Although isolated periacetabular osteotomy can provide sufficient coverage, containment and congruency for most patients with residual hip dysplasia, some may benefit from an additional proximal femoral osteotomy. Knowing the appropriate indications, selection, and sequencing of these osteotomies is critical for enhancing patient outcomes.

Level of Evidence

Level V, therapeutic study. See Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland

    Reinhold Ganz MD & Michael Leunig MD

  2. Department of Orthopedics, Schulthess Clinic, Lengghalde 2, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland

    Kevin Horowitz MD & Michael Leunig MD

Authors
  1. Reinhold Ganz MD
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  2. Kevin Horowitz MD
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  3. Michael Leunig MD
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Correspondence to Michael Leunig MD.

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Each author certifies that he or she has no commercial associations (eg, consultancies, stock ownership, equity interest, patent/licensing arrangements, etc) that might pose a conflict of interest in connection with the submitted article.

Each author certifies that his or her institution approved or waived approval for the human protocol for this investigation and that all investigations were conducted in conformity with ethical principles of research.

This work was performed at the University of Berne, Switzerland.

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Ganz, R., Horowitz, K. & Leunig, M. Algorithm for Femoral and Periacetabular Osteotomies in Complex Hip Deformities. Clin Orthop Relat Res 468, 3168–3180 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11999-010-1489-z

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