Skip to main content
Log in

Considering the effect of graphene loading in water-based epoxy coatings

  • Published:
Journal of Coatings Technology and Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Recently, graphene has gained increasing interest in numerous fields of application and, in particular, it has been used as a nanofiller in the preparation of polymeric composites to improve their mechanical and transport properties. However, the effect of graphene as a potential additive for anticorrosive organic coatings is not widely studied. In this work, low levels of graphene nanosheets, 0.5 and 1 wt%, were added to an additive-free waterborne epoxy resin applied to Al2024-T3 aluminum alloy samples. The presence of graphene did not affect the polymerization process of the resin and the adhesion at coating/substrate interface, as demonstrated by experimental results, while showing a slight effect on coatings wettability. Electrochemical analysis revealed an improvement of the protective properties of the coating that could be assigned to a slow absorption rate of the electrolytes in the polymeric matrix and a lesser amount of absorbed water than the unloaded film.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Kumar, S, Raj, S, Jain, S, Chatterjee, K, “Multifunctional Biodegradable Polymer Nanocomposite Incorporating Graphene-Silver Hybrid for Biomedical Applications.” Mater. Des., 108 319–332 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Ladani, RB, Wu, S, Kinloch, AJ, Ghorbani, K, Zhang, J, Mouritz, AP, Wang, CH, “Multifunctional Properties of Epoxy Nanocomposites Reinforced by Aligned Nanoscale Carbon.” Mater. Des., 94 554–564 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Wang, C, Lan, Y, Yu, W, Li, X, Qian, Y, Liu, H, “Preparation of Amino-Functionalized Graphene Oxide/Polyimide Composite Films with Improved Mechanical, Thermal and Hydrophobic Properties.” Appl. Surf. Sci., 362 11–19 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Zhao, S, Chang, H, Chen, S, Cui, J, Yan, Y, “High-Performance and Multifunctional Epoxy Composites Filled with Epoxide-Functionalized Graphene.” Eur. Polym. J., 84 300–312 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Kim, H, Miura, Y, Macosko, CW, “Graphene/Polyurethane Nanocomposites for Improved Gas Barrier and Electrical Conductivity.” Chem. Mater., 22 3441–3450 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Song, SH, Park, KH, Kim, BH, Choi, YW, Jun, GH, Lee, DJ, Kong, BS, Paik, KW, Jeon, S, “Enhanced Thermal Conductivity of Epoxy-Graphene Composites by Using Non-Oxidized Graphene Flakes with Non-Covalent Functionalization.” Adv. Mater., 25 732–737 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Tang, B, Hu, G, Gao, H, Hai, L, “Application of Graphene as Filler to Improve Thermal Transport Property of Epoxy Resin for Thermal Interface Materials.” Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., 85 420–429 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Wang, Y, Yu, J, Dai, W, Song, Y, Wang, D, Zeng, L, Jiang, N, “Enhanced Thermal and Electrical Properties of Epoxy Composites Reinforced with Graphene Nanoplatelets.” Polym. Compos., 36 556–565 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Wajid, AS, Ahmed, HST, Das, S, Irin, F, Jankowski, AF, Green, MJ, “High-Performance Pristine Graphene/Epoxy Composites with Enhanced Mechanical and Electrical Properties.” Macromol. Mater. Eng., 298 339–347 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Wang, F, Drzal, LT, Qin, Y, Huang, Z, “Mechanical Properties and Thermal Conductivity of Graphene Nanoplatelet/Epoxy Composites.” J. Mater. Sci., 50 1082–1093 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Zhang, B, Asmatulu, R, Soltani, SA, Le, LN, Kumar, SSS, “Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Hierarchical Composites Enhanced by Pristine Graphene and Graphene Oxide Nanoinclusions.” J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 131 40826–40834 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Chang, KC, Hsu, MH, Lu, HI, Lai, MC, Liu, PJ, Hsu, CH, Ji, WF, Chuang, TL, Wei, Y, Yeh, JM, Liu, WR, “Room-Temperature Cured Hydrophobic Epoxy/Graphene Composites as Corrosion Inhibitor for Cold-Rolled Steel.” Carbon, 66 144–153 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Chang, KC, Ji, WF, Lai, MC, Hsiao, YR, Hsu, CH, Chuang, TL, Wei, Y, Yeh, JM, Liu, WR, “Synergistic Effects of Hydrophobicity and Gas Barrier Properties on the Anticorrosion Property of PMMA Nanocomposite Coatings Embedded with Graphene Nanosheets.” Polym. Chem. (UK), 5 1049–1056 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Liu, D, Zhao, W, Liu, S, Cen, Q, Xue, Q, “Comparative Tribological and Corrosion Resistance Properties of Epoxy Composite Coatings Reinforced with Functionalized Fullerene C60 and Graphene.” Surf. Coat. Technol., 286 354–364 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Liu, S, Gu, L, Zhao, H, Chen, J, Yu, H, “Corrosion Resistance of Graphene-Reinforced Waterborne Epoxy Coatings.” J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 32 425–431 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Rajabi, M, Rashed, GR, Zaarei, D, “Assessment of Graphene Oxide/Epoxy Nanocomposite as Corrosion Resistance Coating on Carbon Steel.” Corros. Eng. Sci. Technol., 50 509–516 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Ramezanzadeh, B, Niroumandrad, S, Ahmadi, A, Mahdavian, M, Moghadam, MHM, “Enhancement of Barrier and Corrosion Protection Performance of an Epoxy Coating Through Wet Transfer of Amino Functionalized Graphene Oxide.” Corros. Sci., 103 283–304 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Ramezanzadeh, B, Ahmadi, A, Mahdavian, M, “Enhancement of the Corrosion Protection Performance and Cathodic Delamination Resistance of Epoxy Coating Through Treatment of Steel Substrate by a Novel Nanometric Sol–Gel Based Silane Composite Film Filled with Functionalized Graphene Oxide Nanosheets.” Corros. Sci., 109 182–205 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Yu, Z, Di, H, Ma, Y, He, Y, Liang, L, Lv, L, Ran, X, Pan, Y, Luo, Z, “Preparation of Graphene Oxide Modified by Titanium Dioxide to Enhance the Anti-corrosion Performance of Epoxy Coatings.” Surf. Coat. Technol., 276 471–478 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Yu, Z, Lv, L, Ma, Y, Di, H, He, Y, “Covalent Modification of Graphene Oxide by Metronidazole for Reinforced Anti-Corrosion Properties of Epoxy Coatings.” RSC Adv., 6 18217–18226 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Xiao, W, Liu, Y, Guo, S, “Composites of Graphene Oxide and Epoxy Resin Assuming a Uniform 3D Graphene Oxide Network Structure.” RSC Adv., 6 86904–86908 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Yousefi, N, Lin, X, Zheng, Q, Shen, X, Pothnis, JR, Jia, J, Zussman, E, Kim, JK, “Simultaneous In Situ Reduction, Self-Alignment and Covalent Bonding in Graphene Oxide/Epoxy Composites.” Carbon, 59 406–417 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Gu, L, Liu, S, Zhao, H, Yu, H, “Facile Preparation of Water-Dispersible Graphene Sheets Stabilized by Carboxylated Oligoanilines and Their Anticorrosion Coatings.” ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 7 17641–17648 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Monetta, T, Acquesta, A, Bellucci, F, “Graphene/Epoxy Coating as Multifunctional Material for Aircraft Structures.” Aerospace, 2 423–434 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. C.D. 1999/13/EC, Official Journal of the European Communities L 85/1-22 (1999)

  26. Andreatta, F, Bortolotto, M, Lanzutti, A, Paussa, L, Bravin, D, Fedrizzi, L, “Environmentally friendly conversion coating for aluminium alloy AA6014.” 18th International Corrosion Congress, Perth, Australia, 2011

  27. Deflorian, F, Rossi, S, Fedel, M, “Aluminium Components for Marine Applications Protected Against Corrosion by Organic Coating Cycles with Low Environmental Impact.” Corros. Eng. Sci. Technol., 46 237–244 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Sinagra, C, Bravaccino, F, Bitondo, C, Bossio, A, Monetta, T, Mitton, DB, Bellucci, F, “Green Technology for Surface Treatments of Aluminium Foil For Flexible Packaging.” Key Eng. Mater., 710 186–191 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Carangelo, A, Curioni, M, Acquesta, A, Monetta, T, Bellucci, F, “Cerium-Based Sealing of Anodic Films on AA2024T3: Effect of Pore Morphology on Anticorrosion Performance.” J. Electrochem. Soc., 163 C907–C916 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Carangelo, A, Curioni, M, Acquesta, A, Monetta, T, Bellucci, F, “Application of EIS to In Situ Characterization of Hydrothermal Sealing of Anodized Aluminum Alloys: Comparison Between Hexavalent Chromium-Based Sealing, Hot Water Sealing and Cerium-Based Sealing.” J. Electrochem. Soc., 163 C619–C626 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Carneiro, J, Tedim, J, Fernandes, SCM, Freire, CSR, Silvestre, AJD, Gandini, A, Ferreira, MGS, Zheludkevich, ML, “Chitosan-Based Self-Healing Protective Coatings Doped with Cerium Nitrate for Corrosion Protection of Aluminum Alloy 2024.” Prog. Org. Coat., 75 8–13 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Fetouh, HA, Abdel-Fattah, TM, El-Tantawy, MS, “Novel Plant Extracts as Green Corrosion Inhibitors for 7075-T6 Aluminium Alloy in an Aqueous Medium.” Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 9 1565–1582 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  33. Gobara, M, Kamel, H, Akid, R, Baraka, A, “Corrosion Behaviour of AA2024 Coated with an Acid-Soluble Collagen/Hybrid Silica Sol–Gel Matrix.” Prog. Org. Coat., 89 57–66 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Monetta, T, Acquesta, A, Maresca, V, Signore, R, Bellucci, F, Di Petta, P, Lo Masti, M, “Characterization of Aluminum Alloys Environmentally Friendly Surface Treatments for Aircraft and Aerospace Industry.” Surf. Interface Anal., 45 1522–1529 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Bitondo, C, Bossio, A, Monetta, T, Curioni, M, Bellucci, F, “The Effect of Annealing on the Corrosion Behaviour of 444 Stainless Steel for Drinking Water Applications.” Corros. Sci., 87 6–10 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Monetta, T, Mitton, DB, Bellucci, F, “Protective Properties of Organic Coatings on Plasma-Treated Cold Rolled Aluminum.” Electrochem. Solid State Lett., 7 B39–B41 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. De Rosa, L, Monetta, T, Bellucci, F, “Moisture Uptake in Organic Coatings Monitored with EIS.” Mater. Sci. Forum, 289–292 315–326 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Mansfeld, F, “Use of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy for the Study of Corrosion Protection by Polymer Coatings.” J. Appl. Electrochem., 25 187–202 (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  39. Bellucci, F, Nicodemo, L, “Water Transport in Organic Coatings.” Corrosion, 49 235–247 (1993)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Nicodemo, L, Bellucci, F, Marcone, A, Monetta, T, “Water and Oxygen Transport as Performance Parameters of Paint Films.” J. Membr. Sci., 52 393–403 (1990)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Walter, GW, “A Review of Impedance Plot Methods Used for Corrosion Performance Analysis of Painted Metals.” Corros. Sci., 26 681–703 (1986)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Ku, CC, Liepins, R, Appendix 1 in Electrical Properties of Polymers: Chemical Principles, pp. 334–345. Hanser Publishers, Munich (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  43. Su, Y, Kravets, VG, Wong, SL, Waters, J, Geim, AK, Nair, RR, “Impermeable Barrier Films and Protective Coatings Based on Reduced Graphene Oxide.” Nat. Commun., 5 4843–4847 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Yoo, BM, Shin, HJ, Yoon, HW, Park, HB, “Graphene and Graphene Oxide and Their Uses in Barrier Polymers.” J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 131 39628–39651 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to T. Monetta.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Monetta, T., Acquesta, A., Carangelo, A. et al. Considering the effect of graphene loading in water-based epoxy coatings. J Coat Technol Res 15, 923–931 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11998-018-0045-8

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11998-018-0045-8

Keywords

Navigation