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Deoxynivalenol Decontamination in Raw and Germinating Barley Treated by Plasma-Activated Water and Intense Pulsed Light

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Abstract

The contamination of barley kernel by Fusarium fungi constitutes a serious problem for malting-related industries. Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a secondary metabolite produced by Fusarium fungi. DON can affect dopaminergic receptors in the human brain; it may cause symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea, headache, and fever. The aims of this study were to evaluate the DON destruction effect of the intense pulsed light (IPL) and plasma-activated water (PAW) treatments in raw and germinating barley and assess the feasibility for disinfection in the malt industry. Both non-thermal methods degraded DON concentration in germinating barley. IPL treatment significantly reduced (p < 0.05) the DON level of germinating barley samples by 35.5% after 180 pulses in 60 s, and the PAW treatment effectively degraded the DON level by 34.6% in germinating barley in the first 5 min. However, higher barley quality remained for PAW treatment (germination rate: 81–100%) than for the IPL treatment (germination rate: 41–60%). For the raw barley samples, although significant reduction (30.9%) was achieved after 180 pulses of IPL treatment, noticeable quality (germination rate: 20–40%) alteration was observed. Significantly less DON degradation was achieved by the PAW treatment on raw barley than the germinating barley for all times. Overall, these findings suggested that PAW and IPL might potentially be used to reduce DON levels in some malt-related industry applications, and PAW was recommended as a better method than IPL to maintain the barley quality.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported in part by a gift from Rahr Malting Co., Minnesota, USA, and University of Minnesota Center for Biorefining. Thanks to Xiang S. Yin of Rahr Malting Co. for assistance with DON analysis and others.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA

    Dongjie Chen, Juer Liu, Yiwei Ma & Roger Ruan

  2. Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA

    Dongjie Chen, Paul Chen, Yanling Cheng, Peng Peng, Yuhuan Liu & Roger Ruan

  3. State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology; and MOE Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China

    Yuhuan Liu & Roger Ruan

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  1. Dongjie Chen
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  2. Paul Chen
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  5. Juer Liu
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Correspondence to Roger Ruan.

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Chen, D., Chen, P., Cheng, Y. et al. Deoxynivalenol Decontamination in Raw and Germinating Barley Treated by Plasma-Activated Water and Intense Pulsed Light. Food Bioprocess Technol 12, 246–254 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11947-018-2206-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11947-018-2206-2

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