Abstract
His bundle pacing (HBP) has been shown to be a feasible, beneficial, and safe way to achieve cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) with recruitment of the heart’s physiological conduction system. HBP should be considered for those with unfavorable coronary sinus (CS) anatomy, and nonresponders to biventricular (BiV) pacing. HBP CRT may also help patients with the nonleft bundle branch block form of conduction delay and heart failure (HF). HBP CRT should be considered strongly in preventing right ventricular (RV) pacing-induced cardiomyopathy, especially after atrioventricular nodal ablation given the discrete nature of the block and the low likelihood of distal block. With increased operator experience and improved lead delivery systems, HBP success rates and safety have improved and are comparable to traditional RV pacing. Battery longevity is also likely comparable to traditional BiV CRT devices. We anticipate the use of HBP CRT growing significantly.
Similar content being viewed by others
References and Recommended Reading
Bleeker GB, Schalij MJ, Molhoek SG, Verwey HF, Holman ER, Boersma E, et al. Relationship between QRS duration and left ventricular dyssynchrony in patients with end-stage heart failure. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2004;15(5):544–9. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1540-8167.2004.03604.x.
Wilkoff BL, Dual C. Investigators VVIIDt. The Dual Chamber and VVI Implantable Defibrillator (DAVID) Trial: rationale, design, results, clinical implications and lessons for future trials. Card Electrophysiol Rev. 2003;7(4):468–72. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:CEPR.0000023165.20987.b1.
Sweeney MO, Hellkamp AS, Ellenbogen KA, Greenspon AJ, Freedman RA, Lee KL, et al. Adverse effect of ventricular pacing on heart failure and atrial fibrillation among patients with normal baseline QRS duration in a clinical trial of pacemaker therapy for sinus node dysfunction. Circulation. 2003;107(23):2932–7. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.0000072769.17295.B1.
Bristow MR, Saxon LA, Boehmer J, Krueger S, Kass DA, De Marco T, et al. Cardiac-resynchronization therapy with or without an implantable defibrillator in advanced chronic heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2004;350(21):2140–50. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa032423.
Cleland JG, Daubert JC, Erdmann E, Freemantle N, Gras D, Kappenberger L, et al. The effect of cardiac resynchronization on morbidity and mortality in heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2005;352(15):1539–49. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa050496.
Moss AJ, Hall WJ, Cannom DS, Klein H, Brown MW, Daubert JP, et al. Cardiac-resynchronization therapy for the prevention of heart-failure events. N Engl J Med. 2009;361(14):1329–38. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa0906431.
Doshi RN, Daoud EG, Fellows C, Turk K, Duran A, Hamdan MH, et al. Left ventricular-based cardiac stimulation post AV nodal ablation evaluation (the PAVE Study). J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2005;16(11):1160–5. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8167.2005.50062.x.
Curtis AB, Worley SJ, Adamson PB, Chung ES, Niazi I, Sherfesee L, et al. Biventricular pacing for atrioventricular block and systolic dysfunction. N Engl J Med. 2013;368(17):1585–93. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1210356.
Yu CM, Hayes DL. Cardiac resynchronization therapy: state of the art 2013. Eur Heart J. 2013;34(19):1396–403. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehs454.
His W. The activity of the embryonic human heart and its significance for the understanding of the heart movement in the adult. J Hist Med Allied Sci. 1949;4(3):289–318.
Tawara S. Das reizleitungssystem des Säugetierherzens: Fischer; 1906.
Alanis J, Gonzalez H, Lopez E. The electrical activity of the bundle of his. J Physiol. 1958;142(1):127–40. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1958.sp006003.
Giraud G, Puech P, Latour H, Hertault J. Variations de potentiel liees a l’activite du systeme de conduction auriculo-ventriculaire chez l’homme. Arch Mal Coeur. 1960;53:757–76.
Scherlag BJ, Lau SH, Helfant RH, Berkowitz WD, Stein E, Damato AN. Catheter technique for recording His bundle activity in man. Circulation. 1969;39(1):13–8. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.39.1.13.
Narula OS, Samet P. Wenckebach and Mobitz type II A-V block due to block within the His bundle and bundle branches. Circulation. 1970;41(6):947–65. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.41.6.947.
El-Sherif N, Amay YLF, Schonfield C, Scherlag BJ, Rosen K, Lazzara R, et al. Normalization of bundle branch block patterns by distal His bundle pacing. Clinical and experimental evidence of longitudinal dissociation in the pathologic his bundle. Circulation. 1978;57(3):473–83. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.57.3.473.
Deshmukh P, Casavant DA, Romanyshyn M, Anderson K. Permanent, direct His-bundle pacing: a novel approach to cardiac pacing in patients with normal His-Purkinje activation. Circulation. 2000;101(8):869–77. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.101.8.869.
Cantu F, De Filippo P, Cardano P, De Luca A, Gavazzi A. Validation of criteria for selective his bundle and para-Hisian permanent pacing. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2006;29(12):1326–33. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8159.2006.00543.x.
Williams DO, Scherlag BJ, Hope RR, El-Sherif N, Lazzara R, Samet P. Selective versus non-selective His bundle pacing. Cardiovasc Res. 1976;10(1):91–100. https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/10.1.91.
Vijayaraman P, Dandamudi G. Anatomical approach to permanent His bundle pacing: optimizing His bundle capture. J Electrocardiol. 2016;49(5):649–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2016.07.003.
Kawashima T, Sasaki H. A macroscopic anatomical investigation of atrioventricular bundle locational variation relative to the membranous part of the ventricular septum in elderly human hearts. Surg Radiol Anat. 2005;27(3):206–13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-004-0302-7.
Kronborg MB, Mortensen PT, Poulsen SH, Gerdes JC, Jensen HK, Nielsen JC. His or para-His pacing preserves left ventricular function in atrioventricular block: a double-blind, randomized, crossover study. Europace. 2014;16(8):1189–96. https://doi.org/10.1093/europace/euu011.
Occhetta E, Bortnik M, Magnani A, Francalacci G, Piccinino C, Plebani L, et al. Prevention of ventricular desynchronization by permanent para-Hisian pacing after atrioventricular node ablation in chronic atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;47(10):1938–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2006.01.056.
Occhetta E, Bortnik M, Marino P. Permanent parahisian pacing. Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J. 2007;7(2):110–25.
Barba-Pichardo R, Morina-Vazquez P, Fernandez-Gomez JM, Venegas-Gamero J, Herrera-Carranza M. Permanent His-bundle pacing: seeking physiological ventricular pacing. Europace. 2010;12(4):527–33. https://doi.org/10.1093/europace/euq038.
Zanon F, Svetlich C, Occhetta E, Catanzariti D, Cantu F, Padeletti L, et al. Safety and performance of a system specifically designed for selective site pacing. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2011;34(3):339–47. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8159.2010.02951.x.
Vijayaraman P, Dandamudi G, Worsnick S, Ellenbogen KA. Acute his-bundle injury current during permanent his-bundle pacing predicts excellent pacing outcomes. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2015;38(5):540–6. https://doi.org/10.1111/pace.12571.
Sharma PS, Dandamudi G, Naperkowski A, Oren JW, Storm RH, Ellenbogen KA, et al. Permanent His-bundle pacing is feasible, safe, and superior to right ventricular pacing in routine clinical practice. Heart Rhythm. 2015;12(2):305–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrthm.2014.10.021.
Vijayaraman P, Naperkowski A, Ellenbogen KA, Dandamudi G. Electrophysiologic insights into site of atrioventricular block. JACC: Clinical Electrophysiology. 2015;1(6):571–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacep.2015.09.012.
Kronborg MB, Poulsen SH, Mortensen PT, Nielsen JC. Left ventricular performance during para-His pacing in patients with high-grade atrioventricular block: an acute study. Europace. 2012;14(6):841–6. https://doi.org/10.1093/europace/eur368.
Catanzariti D, Maines M, Cemin C, Broso G, Marotta T, Vergara G. Permanent direct his bundle pacing does not induce ventricular dyssynchrony unlike conventional right ventricular apical pacing. J Interv Card Electrophysiol. 2006;16(2):81–92. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10840-006-9033-5.
Padeletti L, Lieberman R, Schreuder J, Michelucci A, Collella A, Pieragnoli P, et al. Acute effects of His bundle pacing versus left ventricular and right ventricular pacing on left ventricular function. Am J Cardiol. 2007;100(10):1556–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2007.06.055.
James TN, Sherf L. Fine structure of the His bundle. Circulation. 1971;44(1):9–28. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.44.1.9.
Narula OS. Longitudinal dissociation in the His bundle. Bundle branch block due to asynchronous conduction within the His bundle in man. Circulation. 1977;56(6):996–1006. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.56.6.996.
Lazzara R, Yeh BK, Samet P. Functional transverse interconnections within the His bundle and the bundle branches. Circ Res. 1973;32(4):509–15. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.RES.32.4.509.
Vijayaraman P, Dandamudi G. How to perform permanent his bundle pacing: tips and tricks. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2016;39(12):1298–304. https://doi.org/10.1111/pace.12904.
Sharma PS, Subzposh FA, Ellenbogen KA, Vijayaraman P. Permanent His-bundle pacing in patients with prosthetic cardiac valves. Heart Rhythm. 2017;14(1):59–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrthm.2016.09.016.
Epstein AE, DiMarco JP, Ellenbogen KA, Estes NA 3rd, Freedman RA, Gettes LS, et al. 2012 ACCF/AHA/HRS focused update incorporated into the ACCF/AHA/HRS 2008 guidelines for device-based therapy of cardiac rhythm abnormalities: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. Circulation. 2013;127(3):e283–352. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0b013e318276ce9b.
Zhang J, Zhang Y, Zhou X, Li J, Li Y, Zhang Y, et al. QRS duration shortening predicts left ventricular reverse remodelling in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy after cardiac resynchronization therapy. Acta Cardiol. 2015;70(3):307–13. https://doi.org/10.2143/AC.70.3.3080635.
Mischke K, Knackstedt C, Fache K, Reith S, Rana O, Saygili E, et al. Electrical remodelling in cardiac resynchronization therapy: decrease in intrinsic QRS duration. Acta Cardiol. 2011;66(2):175–80. https://doi.org/10.2143/AC.66.2.2071248.
Vijayaraman P, Dandamudi G, Herweg B, Sharma P, Ellenbogen K. Permanent His bundle pacing is an excellent alternative to cardiac resynchronization therapy. Heart Rhythm. 2016;13:S39.
Shan P, Su L, Chen X, Xu L, Ni X, Huang W. Direct his-bundle pacing improved left ventricular function and remodelling in a biventricular pacing nonresponder. Can J Cardiol. 2016;32(12):1577 e1- e4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjca.2015.10.024.
Barba-Pichardo R, Manovel Sanchez A, Fernandez-Gomez JM, Morina-Vazquez P, Venegas-Gamero J, Herrera-Carranza M. Ventricular resynchronization therapy by direct His-bundle pacing using an internal cardioverter defibrillator. Europace. 2013;15(1):83–8. https://doi.org/10.1093/europace/eus228.
Lustgarten DL, Crespo EM, Arkhipova-Jenkins I, Lobel R, Winget J, Koehler J, et al. His-bundle pacing versus biventricular pacing in cardiac resynchronization therapy patients: a crossover design comparison. Heart Rhythm. 2015;12(7):1548–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrthm.2015.03.048.
Ajijola OA, Upadhyay GA, Macias C, Shivkumar K, Tung R. Permanent His-bundle pacing for cardiac resynchronization therapy: initial feasibility study in lieu of left ventricular lead. Heart Rhythm. 2017;14(9):1353–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrthm.2017.04.003.
Ajijola OA, Macias C, Garg V, Vorobiof G, Mally AH, Shivkumar K et al. Feasibility of His bundle pacing in patients meeting criteria for cardiac resynchronization therapy and implantable cardioverter-defibrillator. Am Heart Assoc; 2015.
Wu G, Cai Y, Huang W, Su L. Hisian pacing restores cardiac function. J Electrocardiol. 2013;46(6):676–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2013.05.003.
Sharma PS, Dandamudi G, Herweg B, Wilson D, Singh R, Naperkowski A, et al. Permanent his bundle pacing as an alternative to biventricular pacing for cardiac resynchronization therapy: a multi-center experience. Heart Rhythm. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrthm.2017.10.014.
Health USNIo. His bundle pacing versus coronary sinus pacing for cardiac resynchronization therapy (His-SYNC). https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02700425. Accessed 09/16/2017 2017.
Health. USNIo. The His Optimised Pacing Evaluation for Heart Failure Trial (HOPE-HF). 2017. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02671903. Accessed 09/16/17 2017.
Weijiang Huang. Comparison of His bundle pacing and bi-ventricular pacing in heart failure with atrial fibrillation.. In: ClinicalTrials.Gov. 2017. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02805465?cond=His+bundle&rank=5. Accessed October 15 2017.
Vijayaraman P, Ellenbogen KA, Dandamudi G. Longitudinal dissociation in the His bundle: persistent bundle branch block can be corrected by permanent His bundle pacing. Am Heart Assoc; 2014.
Lamas GA, Lee KL, Sweeney MO, Silverman R, Leon A, Yee R, et al. Ventricular pacing or dual-chamber pacing for sinus-node dysfunction. N Engl J Med. 2002;346(24):1854–62. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa013040.
Sharma AD, Rizo-Patron C, Hallstrom AP, O’Neill GP, Rothbart S, Martins JB, et al. Percent right ventricular pacing predicts outcomes in the DAVID trial. Heart Rhythm. 2005;2(8):830–4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrthm.2005.05.015.
St John Sutton M, Plappert T, Adamson PB, Li P, Christman SA, Chung ES, et al. Left ventricular reverse remodeling with biventricular versus right ventricular pacing in patients with atrioventricular block and heart failure in the BLOCK HF Trial. Circ Heart Fail. 2015;8(3):510–8. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.114.001626.
Curtis AB, Worley SJ, Chung ES, Li P, Christman SA, St John SM. Improvement in clinical outcomes with biventricular versus right ventricular pacing: the BLOCK HF Study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;67(18):2148–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2016.02.051.
Vijayaraman P, Dandamudi G, Lustgarten D, Ellenbogen KA. Permanent His bundle pacing: electrophysiological and echocardiographic observations from long-term follow-up. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2017;40(7):883–91. https://doi.org/10.1111/pace.13130.
Huang W, Su L, Wu S, Xu L, Xiao F, Zhou X et al. Benefits of permanent His bundle pacing combined with atrioventricular node ablation in atrial fibrillation patients with heart failure with both preserved and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction. J Am Heart Assoc. 2017;6(4). https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.116.005309.
Su L, Xu L, Wu SJ, Huang WJ. Pacing and sensing optimization of permanent His-bundle pacing in cardiac resynchronization therapy/implantable cardioverter defibrillators patients: value of integrated bipolar configuration. Europace. 2016;18(9):1399–405. https://doi.org/10.1093/europace/euv306.
Padala SK, Ellenbogen KA, Koneru JN. Intermittent loss of capture in a His bundle pacemaker: what is the cause? HeartRhythm Case Reports. 2017;3(11):555–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrcr.2017.07.018.
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by National Institutes of Health grants HL125730 and DP2HL142045 to OAA.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent
This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.
Additional information
This article is part of the Topical Collection on Arrhythmia
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Huang, W.A., Wassie, M.A. & Ajijola, O.A. Permanent His Bundle Pacing for Cardiac Resynchronization. Curr Treat Options Cardio Med 20, 23 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11936-018-0616-0
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11936-018-0616-0