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Outcomes and Long-term Follow-up of Patients with Cystine Stones: a Systematic Review

  • Endourology (P Mucksavage and B Somani, Section Editors)
  • Published:
Current Urology Reports Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose of Review

Cystine stone patients can be difficult to manage with frequent recurrences. We performed a systematic review with a view to assessing interventions, compliance and their long-term outcomes.

Recent Findings

Ten retrospective observational studies (253 patients) assessed the outcomes and long-term follow-up of cystine stone patients. The mean length of follow-up was 9.6 years (range 3.5–21.8 years). The overall mean number of surgical procedures/patient was 5.7 (range 2–9.8/patient) with the overall mean number of surgical procedures/patient/year at 0.59 (range 0.22–1.32/patient/year). While open surgery has decreased over the last decade and PCNL has been stable, there seems to be a rise of RIRS during this period.

Summary

Patients with cystine stones need periodic interventions for stone recurrences despite medical management, with limited data showing the impact on renal function. While the management is individualised, wide variability exists with often poor and incomplete patient data.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. North Wales Clinical Research Centre, Wrexham Maelor Hospital, Wrexham, Wales, UK

    Sacha L. Moore

  2. Department of Biochemical Pathology & Metabolic Medicine, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK

    Paul Cook

  3. Department of Urology, AZ Klina, Brasschaat, Belgium

    Vincent de Coninck

  4. Department of Urology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

    Etienne Xavier Keller

  5. Department of Urology, Sorbonne Université, GRC n°20 Lithiase renale, AP-HP, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, F-75020, France

    Olivier Traxer

  6. Department of Urology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Victor Babeş Timişoara, Timişoara, Romania

    Laurian Dragos

  7. Department of Urology, Wrexham Maelor Hospital and Clinical Director, North Wales Clinical Research Centre, Wrexham, Wales, UK

    Iqbal S. Shergill

  8. Department of Urology, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK

    Bhaskar K. Somani

Authors
  1. Sacha L. Moore
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  2. Paul Cook
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  3. Vincent de Coninck
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  4. Etienne Xavier Keller
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  5. Olivier Traxer
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  8. Bhaskar K. Somani
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sacha L. Moore.

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Conflict of Interest

Sacha L Moore, Paul Cook, Vincent de Coninck, Etienne Xavier Keller, Olivier Traxer, Laurian Dragos, and Iqbal S Shergill each declare no potential conflicts of interest. Bhaskar K Somani is a section editor for Current Urology Reports.

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Moore, S.L., Cook, P., de Coninck, V. et al. Outcomes and Long-term Follow-up of Patients with Cystine Stones: a Systematic Review. Curr Urol Rep 20, 27 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11934-019-0891-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11934-019-0891-7

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