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Sonographic Features of Salivary Glands in Sjögren’s Syndrome and its Mimics

  • Imaging (J Samuels, Section Editor)
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Abstract

Purpose of Review

For 30 years, ultrasound has been investigated as a means to evaluate salivary gland abnormalities in patients with autoimmune disease. We aim to review the test characteristics of ultrasound for diagnosing Sjögren’s syndrome, the scoring systems used for this purpose, and the ultrasound similarities and differences between Sjögren’s syndrome and some of its potential salivary gland mimics.

Recent Findings

Hypo/anechoic glandular lesions are the major ultrasound characteristic found in Sjögren’s syndrome. Most studies have reported such ultrasound abnormalities to have a sensitivity and specificity in the range of 65–85% and 85–95%, respectively, as well as a positive likelihood ratio between 4 and 12. However, similar findings can also be seen in sarcoidosis, amyloidosis, IgG4-related disease, HIV, and lymphoma. A “nodal” pattern of involvement or the ultrasound artifact of “through transmission” can help distinguish some of these mimics from Sjogren’s syndrome.

Summary

Ultrasound can substantially influence the diagnosis of Sjögren’s syndrome.

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  1. Section of Rheumatology, 72 East Concord Str, Evans 501, Boston, MA, 02118, USA

    Tracian James-Goulbourne, Vagishwari Murugesan & Eugene Y. Kissin

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  1. Tracian James-Goulbourne
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  2. Vagishwari Murugesan
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  3. Eugene Y. Kissin
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James-Goulbourne, T., Murugesan, V. & Kissin, E.Y. Sonographic Features of Salivary Glands in Sjögren’s Syndrome and its Mimics. Curr Rheumatol Rep 22, 36 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11926-020-00914-7

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