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Sex Differences in Vulnerability to Prenatal Stress: a Review of the Recent Literature

  • Sex and Gender Issues in Behavioral Health (CN Epperson and L Hantsoo, Section Editors)
  • Published:
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Abstract

Purpose of Review

To evaluate the degree to which recent studies provide evidence that the effects of prenatal maternal stress (PNMS) on child health outcomes vary depending on the child’s biological sex. In this review, we used a broad definition of stress, including negative life events, psychological stress, and established stress biomarkers. We identified 50 peer-reviewed articles (published January 2015–December 2017) meeting the inclusion criteria.

Recent Findings

Most articles (k = 35) found evidence of either sex-specific associations (significant in one sex but not the other) or significant PNMSxstress interactions for at least one child health outcome. Evidence for sex-dependent effects was strongest in the group of studies evaluating child neural/nervous system development and temperament as outcomes.

Summary

There is sufficient evidence of sex-dependent associations to recommend that researchers always consider the potential role of child sex in PNMS programming studies and report descriptive statistics for study outcomes stratified by child biological sex.

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Papers of particular interest, published recently, have been highlighted as: • Of importance •• Of major importance

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Acknowledgements

K12 HS 022990: National Institutes of Health/Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (SMB); T32 MH 018921-25: National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Mental Health (SS).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, 230 Appleton Pl, Nashville, TN, 37203, USA

    Susanna Sutherland

  2. Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, T-1218 Medical Center North, 1161 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN, 37232-2650, USA

    Steven M. Brunwasser

  3. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Avenue, South, B-1118 MCN, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA

    Steven M. Brunwasser

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Correspondence to Steven M. Brunwasser.

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Sutherland, S., Brunwasser, S.M. Sex Differences in Vulnerability to Prenatal Stress: a Review of the Recent Literature. Curr Psychiatry Rep 20, 102 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-018-0961-4

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