Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Diabetes and Abdominal Aortic Calcification—a Systematic Review

  • Bone and Diabetes (A Schwartz and P Vestergaard, Section Editors)
  • Published:
Current Osteoporosis Reports Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose of Review

A systematic literature review was performed to evaluate diabetes mellitus (DM) as a risk factor of abdominal aortic calcification (AAC), and address factors that might contribute to the development of AAC in DM patients.

Recent Findings

DM is an independent risk factor of AAC development. Bone metabolism along with lifestyle factors among DM patients makes them more prone to AAC. Hip and vertebral fractures, high phosphate, smoking, hypertension, and low osteocalcin could make DM patients prone to AAC. Low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), high low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high total cholesterol/HDL ratio, low bone mineral density (BMD) may be risk factors, but the literature is more ambiguous. Body mass index (BMI) does not appear to increase risk of AAC.

Summary

High phosphate levels and low osteocalcin levels seem to be biomarkers of AAC in patients with diabetes. However, the association between DM and AAC is complicated.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

Papers of particular interest, published recently, have been highlighted as: • Of importance

  1. [Internet]. []. Available from: http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/More/Diabetes/WhyDiabetesMatters/Cardiovascular-Disease-Diabetes_UCM_313865_Article.jsp#.WcZOK9NJbVo.

  2. Kalofoutis C, Piperi C, Kalofoutis A, Harris F, Phoenix D, Singh J. Type II diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular risk factors: current therapeutic approaches. Exp Clin Cardiol. 2007;12(1):17–28.

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  3. Bastos Goncalves F, Voute MT, Hoeks SE, Chonchol MB, Boersma EE, Stolker RJ, et al. Calcification of the abdominal aorta as an independent predictor of cardiovascular events: a meta-analysis. Heart. 2012;98(13):988–94. https://doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2011-301464.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Taniwaki H, Ishimura E, Tabata T, Tsujimoto Y, Shioi A, Shoji T, et al. Aortic calcification in haemodialysis patients with diabetes mellitus. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2005;20(11):2472–8. https://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfi039.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Reaven PD, Sacks J. Investigators for the VADT. Coronary artery and abdominal aortic calcification are associated with cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia. 2005;48(2):379–85. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-004-1640-z.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Takasu J, Takanashi K, Naito S, Onishi M, Miyazaki A, Aoyagi Y, et al. Evaluation of morphological changes of the atherosclerotic aorta by enhanced computed tomography. Atherosclerosis. 1992;97(2–3):107–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9150(92)90124-Y.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Niskanen LK, Suhonen M, Siitonen O, Lehtinen JM, Uusitupa MI. Aortic and lower limb artery calcification in type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients and non-diabetic control subjects. A five year follow-up study. Atherosclerosis. 1990;84(1):61–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9150(90)90009-8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Allison MA, Criqui MH, Wright CM. Patterns and risk factors for systemic calcified atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2004;24(2):331–6. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.ATV.0000110786.02097.0c.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. O'Donnell CJ, Chazaro I, Wilson PW, Fox C, Hannan MT, Kiel DP, et al. Evidence for heritability of abdominal aortic calcific deposits in the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation. 2002;106(3):337–41. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.0000022663.26468.5B.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Toussaint ND, Pedagogos E, Lau KK, Heinze S, Becker GJ, Beavis J, et al. Lateral lumbar X-ray assessment of abdominal aortic calcification in Australian haemodialysis patients. Nephrology (Carlton). 2011;16(4):389–95. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1797.2010.01420.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Szulc P, Samelson EJ, Sornay-Rendu E, Chapurlat R, Kiel DP. Severity of aortic calcification is positively associated with vertebral fracture in older men—a densitometry study in the STRAMBO cohort. Osteoporos Int. 2013;24(4):1177–84. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-012-2101-z.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Schulz E, Arfai K, Liu X, Sayre J, Gilsanz V. Aortic calcification and the risk of osteoporosis and fractures. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004;89(9):4246–53. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2003-030964.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. El Maghraoui A, Rezqi A, Mounach A, Achemlal L, Bezza A, Dehhaoui M, et al. Vertebral fractures and abdominal aortic calcification in postmenopausal women. A cohort study. Bone. 2013;56(1):213–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2013.05.022.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Kim KJ, Kim KM, Park KH, Choi HS, Rhee Y, Lee YH, et al. Aortic calcification and bone metabolism: the relationship between aortic calcification, BMD, vertebral fracture, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and osteocalcin. Calcif Tissue Int. 2012;91(6):370–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00223-012-9642-1.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. El Maghraoui A, Rezqi A, Mounach A, Achemlal L, Bezza A, Ghozlani I. Relationship between vertebral fracture prevalence and abdominal aortic calcification in men. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2012;51(9):1714–20. https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/kes126.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Bagger YZ, Tanko LB, Alexandersen P, Qin G, Christiansen C. Prospective epidemiological risk factors study group. Radiographic measure of aorta calcification is a site-specific predictor of bone loss and fracture risk at the hip. J Intern Med. 2006;259(6):598–605. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2796.2006.01640.x.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Szulc P, Kiel DP, Delmas PD. Calcifications in the abdominal aorta predict fractures in men: MINOS study. J Bone Miner Res. 2008;23(1):95–102. https://doi.org/10.1359/jbmr.070903.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Szulc P, Blackwell T, Schousboe JT, Bauer DC, Cawthon P, Lane NE, et al. High hip fracture risk in men with severe aortic calcification: MrOS study. J Bone Miner Res. 2014;29(4):968–75. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.2085.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  19. Szulc P, Blackwell T, Kiel DP, Schousboe JT, Cauley J, Hillier T, et al. Abdominal aortic calcification and risk of fracture among older women—the SOF study. Bone. 2015;81:16–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2015.06.019.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  20. Naves M, Rodriguez-Garcia M, Diaz-Lopez JB, Gomez-Alonso C, Cannata-Andia JB. Progression of vascular calcifications is associated with greater bone loss and increased bone fractures. Osteoporos Int. 2008;19(8):1161–6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-007-0539-1.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Flipon E, Liabeuf S, Fardellone P, Mentaverri R, Ryckelynck T, Grados F, et al. Is vascular calcification associated with bone mineral density and osteoporotic fractures in ambulatory, elderly women? Osteoporos Int. 2012;23(5):1533–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-011-1762-3.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Zhou R, Zhou H, Cui M, Chen L, Xu J. The association between aortic calcification and fracture risk in postmenopausal women in China: the prospective Chongqing osteoporosis study. PLoS One. 2014;9(5):e93882. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0093882.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  23. • Wei D, Zheng G, Gao Y, Guo J, Zhang T. Abdominal aortic calcification and the risk of bone fractures: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. J Bone Miner Metab. 2017; This study suggests that AAC is independently associated with a higher fracture risk.

  24. El Maghraoui A, Hamza T, Sadni S, El Maataoui A, Majjad A, Rezqi A, et al. Vitamin D status and abdominal aortic calcification in postmenopausal women. J Bone Miner Metab 2017.

  25. • Canepa M, Ameri P, AlGhatrif M, Pestelli G, Milaneschi Y, Strait JB, et al. Role of bone mineral density in the inverse relationship between body size and aortic calcification: results from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Atherosclerosis. 2014;235(1):169–75. This study suggests that BMD is negatively correlated with aortic calcification. Smoking, high SBP, age, and lipid lowering drugs were positively associated with AAC.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  26. Cirillo C, Bilancio G, Natale F, Concilio C, Russo MG, Calabro P, et al. Cardiovascular calcification and subcortical bone demineralization in hypertension. Hypertens Res. 2017;40(9):825–30. https://doi.org/10.1038/hr.2017.44.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Chan JJ, Cupples LA, Kiel DP, O'Donnell CJ, Hoffmann U, Samelson EJQCT. Volumetric bone mineral density and vascular and valvular calcification: the Framingham study. J Bone Miner Res. 2015;30(10):1767–74. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.2530.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  28. Rodriguez AJ, Scott D, Hodge A, English DR, Giles GG, Ebeling PR. Associations between hip bone mineral density, aortic calcification and cardiac workload in community-dwelling older Australians. Osteoporos Int. 2017;28(7):2239–45. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-017-4024-1.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Hanna TN, Zygmont ME, Harmouche E, Salastekar N, Johnson JO, Khosa F. Association of lumbar fractures, abdominal aortic calcification, and osteopenia. Clin Imaging. 2015;39(4):662–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinimag.2014.11.021.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Lampropoulos CE, Kalamara P, Konsta M, Papaioannou I, Papadima E, Antoniou Z, et al. Osteoporosis and vascular calcification in postmenopausal women: a cross-sectional study. Climacteric. 2016;19(3):303–7. https://doi.org/10.3109/13697137.2016.1164134.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Basalyga DM, Simionescu DT, Xiong W, Baxter BT, Starcher BC, Vyavahare NR. Elastin degradation and calcification in an abdominal aorta injury model: role of matrix metalloproteinases. Circulation. 2004;110(22):3480–7. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.0000148367.08413.E9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  32. Du Y, Wang Y, Wang L, Liu B, Tian Q, Liu CJ, et al. Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein inhibits vascular smooth muscle calcification by interacting with bone morphogenetic protein-2. Circ Res. 2011;108(8):917–28. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.110.234328.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Osako MK, Nakagami H, Shimamura M, Koriyama H, Nakagami F, Shimizu H, et al. Cross-talk of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand signaling with renin-angiotensin system in vascular calcification. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2013;33(6):1287–96. https://doi.org/10.1161/ATVBAHA.112.301099.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Price PA, June HH, Buckley JR, Williamson MK. Osteoprotegerin inhibits artery calcification induced by warfarin and by vitamin D. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2001;21(10):1610–6. https://doi.org/10.1161/hq1001.097102.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Biyik Z, Selcuk NY, Tonbul HZ, Anil M, Uyar M. Assessment of abdominal aortic calcification at different stages of chronic kidney disease. Int Urol Nephrol. 2016;48(12):2061–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11255-016-1413-x.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Kinugasa M, Mori S, Takaya T, Ito T, Tanaka H, Satomi-Kobayashi S, et al. Serum phosphate is an independent predictor of the total aortic calcification volume in non-hemodialysis patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery. J Cardiol. 2016;68(4):308–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jjcc.2015.10.005.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Zhou C, Wang F, Wang JW, Zhang LX, Zhao MH. Mineral and bone disorder and its association with cardiovascular parameters in Chinese patients with chronic kidney disease. Chin Med J. 2016;129(19):2275–80. https://doi.org/10.4103/0366-6999.190678.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  38. Naves-Diaz M, Cabezas-Rodriguez I, Barrio-Vazquez S, Fernandez E, Diaz-Lopez JB, Cannata-Andia JB. Low calcidiol levels and risk of progression of aortic calcification. Osteoporos Int. 2012;23(3):1177–82. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-011-1550-0.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Niederhoffer N, Lartaud-Idjouadiene I, Giummelly P, Duvivier C, Peslin R, Atkinson J. Calcification of medial elastic fibers and aortic elasticity. Hypertension. 1997;29(4):999–1006. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.HYP.29.4.999.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Jaaskelainen T, Knekt P, Marniemi J, Sares-Jaske L, Mannisto S, Heliovaara M, et al. Vitamin D status is associated with sociodemographic factors, lifestyle and metabolic health. Eur J Nutr. 2013;52(2):513–25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-012-0354-0.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Ogawa-Furuya N, Yamaguchi T, Yamamoto M, Kanazawa I, Sugimoto T. Serum osteocalcin levels are inversely associated with abdominal aortic calcification in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Osteoporos Int. 2013;24(8):2223–30. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-013-2289-6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Confavreux CB, Szulc P, Casey R, Boutroy S, Varennes A, Vilayphiou N, et al. Higher serum osteocalcin is associated with lower abdominal aortic calcification progression and longer 10-year survival in elderly men of the MINOS cohort. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013;98(3):1084–92. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2012-3426.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Takemoto M, Yokote K, Yamazaki M, Ridall AL, Butler WT, Matsumoto T, et al. Enhanced expression of osteopontin by high glucose in cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1999;258(3):722–6. https://doi.org/10.1006/bbrc.1999.0701.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Sodhi CP, Phadke SA, Batlle D, Sahai A. Hypoxia stimulates osteopontin expression and proliferation of cultured vascular smooth muscle cells: potentiation by high glucose. Diabetes. 2001;50(6):1482–90. https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.50.6.1482.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Lee YT, Ng HY, Chiu TT, Li LC, Pei SN, Kuo WH, et al. Association of bone-derived biomarkers with vascular calcification in chronic hemodialysis patients. Clin Chim Acta. 2016;452:38–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cca.2015.10.031.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Hampson G, Edwards S, Conroy S, Blake GM, Fogelman I, Frost ML. The relationship between inhibitors of the Wnt signalling pathway (Dickkopf-1(DKK1) and sclerostin), bone mineral density, vascular calcification and arterial stiffness in post-menopausal women. Bone. 2013;56(1):42–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2013.05.010.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Wang XR, Yuan L, Zhang JJ, Hao L, Wang DG. Serum sclerostin values are associated with abdominal aortic calcification and predict cardiovascular events in patients with chronic kidney disease stages 3-5D. Nephrology (Carlton). 2017;22(4):286–92. https://doi.org/10.1111/nep.12813.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Pischon T, Girman CJ, Hotamisligil GS, Rifai N, FB H, Rimm EB. Plasma adiponectin levels and risk of myocardial infarction in men. JAMA. 2004;291(14):1730–7. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.291.14.1730.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Tanna N, Patel K, Moore AE, Dulnoan D, Edwards S, Hampson G. The relationship between circulating adiponectin, leptin and vaspin with bone mineral density (BMD), arterial calcification and stiffness: a cross-sectional study in post-menopausal women. J Endocrinol Investig. 2017;40(12):1345–53. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618-017-0711-1.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Sakura T, Okuno S, Nishio E, Norimine K, Ishimura E, Yamakawa T, et al. The association of serum adiponectin with abdominal aortic calcification in Japanese male hemodialysis patients: a cross-sectional observational study. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):6434.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  51. Luo XH, Zhao LL, Yuan LQ, Wang M, Xie H, Liao EY. Development of arterial calcification in adiponectin-deficient mice: adiponectin regulates arterial calcification. J Bone Miner Res. 2009;24(8):1461–8. https://doi.org/10.1359/jbmr.090227.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Witteman JC, Grobbee DE, Valkenburg HA, van Hemert AM, Stijnen T, Hofman A. Cigarette smoking and the development and progression of aortic atherosclerosis. A 9-year population-based follow-up study in women. Circulation. 1993;88(5 Pt 1):2156–62. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.88.5.2156.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Jensky NE, Criqui MH, Wright MC, Wassel CL, Brody SA, Allison MA. Blood pressure and vascular calcification. Hypertension. 2010;55(4):990–7. https://doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.109.147520.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  54. Hughes-Austin JM, Wassel CL, Jimenez J, Criqui MH, Ix JH, Rasmussen-Torvik LJ, et al. The relationship between adiposity-associated inflammation and coronary artery and abdominal aortic calcium differs by strata of central adiposity: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis (MESA). Vasc Med. 2014;19(4):264–71. https://doi.org/10.1177/1358863X14537545.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  55. Jensky NE, Criqui MH, Wright CM, Wassel CL, Alcaraz JE, Allison MA. The association between abdominal body composition and vascular calcification. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2011;19(12):2418–24. https://doi.org/10.1038/oby.2011.70.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. Allison MA, Pavlinac P, Wright CM. The differential associations between HDL, non-HDL and total cholesterols and atherosclerotic calcium deposits in multiple vascular beds. Atherosclerosis. 2007;194(2):e87–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2006.10.006.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Kim ED, Kim JS, Kim SS, Jung JG, Yun SJ, Kim JY, et al. Association of abdominal aortic calcification with lifestyle and risk factors of cardiovascular disease. Korean J Fam Med. 2013;34(3):213–20. https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.2013.34.3.213.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  58. Leckstroem DC, Bhuvanakrishna T, McGrath A, Goldsmith DJ. Prevalence and predictors of abdominal aortic calcification in healthy living kidney donors. Int Urol Nephrol. 2014;46(1):63–70. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11255-013-0485-0.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Schoppet M, Rauner M, Benner J, Chapurlat R, Hofbauer LC, Szulc P. Serum fetuin-A levels and abdominal aortic calcification in healthy men—the STRAMBO study. Bone. 2015;79:196–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2015.06.004.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Ichii T, Morimoto R, Okumura T, Ishii H, Tatami Y, Yamamoto D, et al. Impact of renal functional/morphological dynamics on the calcification of coronary and abdominal arteries in patients with chronic kidney disease. J Atheroscler Thromb. 2017;24(11):1092–104. https://doi.org/10.5551/jat.39271.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  61. Nasrallah MM, El-Shehaby AR, Salem MM, Osman NA, El Sheikh E, Sharaf El Din UA. Fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23) is independently correlated to aortic calcification in haemodialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2010;25(8):2679–85. https://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfq089.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Miwa Y, Tsushima M, Arima H, Kawano Y, Sasaguri T. Pulse pressure is an independent predictor for the progression of aortic wall calcification in patients with controlled hyperlipidemia. Hypertension. 2004;43(3):536–40. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.HYP.0000117153.48029.d1.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Kimura K, Saika Y, Otani H, Fujii R, Mune M, Yukawa S. Factors associated with calcification of the abdominal aorta in hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int Suppl. 1999;71:S238–41.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Kuller LH, Matthews KA, Sutton-Tyrrell K, Edmundowicz D, Bunker CH. Coronary and aortic calcification among women 8 years after menopause and their premenopausal risk factors: the healthy women study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1999;19(9):2189–98. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.ATV.19.9.2189.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Hak AE, Pols HA, van Hemert AM, Hofman A, Witteman JC. Progression of aortic calcification is associated with metacarpal bone loss during menopause: a population-based longitudinal study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2000;20(8):1926–31. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.ATV.20.8.1926.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Arai Y, Hirose N, Yamamura K, Kimura M, Murayama A, Fujii I, et al. Long-term effect of lipid-lowering therapy on atherosclerosis of abdominal aorta in patients with hypercholesterolemia: noninvasive evaluation by a new image analysis program. Angiology. 2002;53(1):57–68. https://doi.org/10.1177/000331970205300108.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Terry JG, Carr JJ, Kouba EO, Davis DH, Menon L, Bender K, et al. Effect of simvastatin (80 mg) on coronary and abdominal aortic arterial calcium (from the coronary artery calcification treatment with zocor [CATZ] study). Am J Cardiol. 2007;99(12):1714–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2007.01.060.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Al Kindi M, Belanger AM, Sayegh K, Senouci S, Aljenedil S, Sivakumaran L, et al. Aortic calcification progression in heterozygote familial hypercholesterolemia. Can J Cardiol. 2017;33(5):658–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjca.2017.02.001.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Wong ND, Lopez VA, Allison M, Detrano RC, Blumenthal RS, Folsom AR, et al. Abdominal aortic calcium and multi-site atherosclerosis: the multiethnic study of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis. 2011 Feb;214(2):436–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2010.09.011.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  70. Kim JK, Park MJ, Song YR, Kim HJ, Kim SG. Vitamin D: a possible modifying factor linking obesity to vascular calcification in hemodialysis patients. Nutr Metab (Lond). 2017;14:27.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  71. Shang X, Scott D, Hodge A, Khan B, Khan N, English DR, et al. Adiposity assessed by anthropometric measures has a similar or greater predictive ability than dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measures for abdominal aortic calcification in community-dwelling older adults. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2016 Sep;32(9):1451–60. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10554-016-0920-2.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Jayalath RW, Mangan SH, Golledge J. Aortic calcification. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2005;30(5):476–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejvs.2005.04.030.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Chen NX, Moe SM. Arterial calcification in diabetes. Curr Diab Rep. 2003;3(1):28–32. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-003-0049-2.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Doherty TM, Fitzpatrick LA, Inoue D, Qiao JH, Fishbein MC, Detrano RC, et al. Molecular, endocrine, and genetic mechanisms of arterial calcification. Endocr Rev. 2004;25(4):629–72. https://doi.org/10.1210/er.2003-0015.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Vestergaard P. Discrepancies in bone mineral density and fracture risk in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes—a meta-analysis. Osteoporos Int. 2007;18(4):427–44. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-006-0253-4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Starup-Linde J, Vestergaard P. Biochemical bone turnover markers in diabetes mellitus—a systematic review. Bone. 2016;82:69–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2015.02.019.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Szulc P. Abdominal aortic calcification: a reappraisal of epidemiological and pathophysiological data. Bone. 2016;84:25–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2015.12.004.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Adeva-Andany MM, Fernandez-Fernandez C, Sanchez-Bello R, Donapetry-Garcia C, Martinez-Rodriguez J. The role of carbonic anhydrase in the pathogenesis of vascular calcification in humans. Atherosclerosis. 2015;241(1):183–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.05.012.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Disthabanchong S. Vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease: pathogenesis and clinical implication. World J Nephrol. 2012;1(2):43–53. https://doi.org/10.5527/wjn.v1.i2.43.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  80. Golub EE. Role of matrix vesicles in biomineralization. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2009;1790(12):1592–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbagen.2009.09.006.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  81. Hygum K, Starup-Linde J, Harslof T, Vestergaard P, Langdahl BL. Mechanisms in endocrinology: Diabetes mellitus, a state of low bone turnover—a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Endocrinol. 2017;176(3):R137–57. https://doi.org/10.1530/EJE-16-0652.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Niu Y, Zhang W, Yang Z, Li X, Wen J, Wang S, et al. Association of plasma osteoprotegerin levels with the severity of lower extremity arterial disease in patients with type 2 diabetes. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2015;15:86.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  83. Starup-Linde J, Eriksen SA, Lykkeboe S, Handberg A, Vestergaard P. Biochemical markers of bone turnover in diabetes patients—a meta-analysis, and a methodological study on the effects of glucose on bone markers. Osteoporos Int. 2014;25(6):1697–708. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-014-2676-7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Yeap BB, Chubb SA, Flicker L, McCaul KA, Ebeling PR, Hankey GJ, et al. Associations of total osteocalcin with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in older men. The health in men study. Osteoporos Int. 2012;23(2):599–606. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-011-1586-1.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Starup-Linde J. Diabetes, biochemical markers of bone turnover, diabetes control, and bone. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2013;4:21.

    Google Scholar 

  86. Yamamoto S, Matsushita Y, Nakagawa T, Hayashi T, Noda M, Mizoue T. Circulating adiponectin levels and risk of type 2 diabetes in the Japanese. Nutr Diabetes. 2014;4(8):e130. https://doi.org/10.1038/nutd.2014.27.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  87. Foy CG, Bell RA, Farmer DF, Goff DC Jr, Wagenknecht LE. Smoking and incidence of diabetes among U.S. adults: findings from the insulin resistance atherosclerosis study. Diabetes Care. 2005;28(10):2501–7. https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.28.10.2501.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Author notes

  1. Emilie Frey Bendix, Eskild Johansen, Thomas Ringgaard and Martin Wolder contributed equally to the manuscript

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Endocrinology, Aalborg University Hospital, Mølleparkvej 4, 9220, Aalborg Øst, Denmark

    Emilie Frey Bendix, Eskild Johansen, Thomas Ringgaard & Martin Wolder

  2. Faculty of Health, Aalborg University, Niels Jernes Vej 10, 9220, Aalborg Øst, Denmark

    Emilie Frey Bendix, Eskild Johansen, Thomas Ringgaard & Martin Wolder

  3. Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Tage Hansens Gade 2, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark

    Jakob Starup-Linde

Authors
  1. Emilie Frey Bendix
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Eskild Johansen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Thomas Ringgaard
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Martin Wolder
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Jakob Starup-Linde
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jakob Starup-Linde.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of Interest

Emilie Frey Bendix, Eskild Johansen, Thomas Riggaard, Martin Wolder, and Jakob Starup-Linde declare no conflict of interest.

Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent

This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.

Additional information

This article is part of the Topical Collection on Bone and Diabetes

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Bendix, E.F., Johansen, E., Ringgaard, T. et al. Diabetes and Abdominal Aortic Calcification—a Systematic Review. Curr Osteoporos Rep 16, 42–57 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11914-018-0418-z

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11914-018-0418-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation