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The World of Melanoma: Epidemiologic, Genetic, and Anatomic Differences of Melanoma Across the Globe

  • Melanoma (RJ Sullivan, Section Editor)
  • Published:
Current Oncology Reports Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose of Review

As cancer remains an increasing problem in industrial countries, the incidence of melanoma has risen rapidly in many populations during the last decades and still continues to rise. Current strategies aiming to control the disease have largely focused on improving the understanding of the interplay of causal factors for this cancer.

Recent Findings

Cutaneous melanoma shows clear differences in incidence, mortality, genomic profile, and anatomic presentation, depending on the country of residence, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. Known risk factors are multiple atypical nevi, positive family and/or personal history, immune suppressive diseases or treatments, and fair skin phenotype. Besides new adjuvant therapeutic options, changed attitude toward leisure and sun exposure, primary prevention, and early detection are major contributors to disease control.

Summary

Melanoma is a disease of multifactorial causality and heterogeneous presentation. Its subtypes differ in origin, anatomical site, role of UV radiation, and mutational profile. Better understanding of these differences may improve prevention strategies and therapeutic developments.

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  1. Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Gloriastrasse 31, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland

    Florentia Dimitriou, Regina Krattinger, Egle Ramelyte, Marjam J. Barysch, Sara Micaletto, Reinhard Dummer & Simone M. Goldinger

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  1. Florentia Dimitriou
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Correspondence to Simone M. Goldinger.

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Florentia Dimitriou declares that she has no conflict of interest.

Regina Krattinger declares that she has no conflict of interest.

Egle Ramelyte declares that she has no conflict of interest.

Marjam J. Barysch declares that she has no conflict of interest.

Sara Micaletto declares that she has no conflict of interest.

Reinhard Dummer has intermittent, project-focused consulting and/or advisory relationships with Novartis, Merck Sharp & Dhome (MSD), Bristol-Myers Squibb (BMS), Roche, Amgen, Takeda, Pierre Fabre, and Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. outside the submitted work.

Simone M. Goldinger has intermittent advisory board relationship with and has received travel grant support from MSD, BMS, Roche, and Novartis. Research time was supported by the University of Zurich and medAlumni.

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Dimitriou, F., Krattinger, R., Ramelyte, E. et al. The World of Melanoma: Epidemiologic, Genetic, and Anatomic Differences of Melanoma Across the Globe. Curr Oncol Rep 20, 87 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11912-018-0732-8

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