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Brain PET Imaging: Value for Understanding the Pathophysiology of HIV-associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND)

  • Central Nervous System and Cognition (SS Spudich, Section Editor)
  • Published:
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Abstract

Purpose of Review

The purpose of this review is to summarize recent developments in PET imaging of neuropathologies underlying HIV-associated neurocognitive dysfunction (HAND). We concentrate on the recent post antiretroviral era (ART), highlighting clinical and preclinical brain PET imaging studies.

Recent Findings

In the post ART era, PET imaging has been used to better understand perturbations of glucose metabolism, neuroinflammation, the function of neurotransmitter systems, and amyloid/tau protein deposition in the brains of HIV-infected patients and HIV animal models. Preclinical and translational findings from those studies shed a new light on the complex pathophysiology underlying HAND.

Summary

The molecular imaging capabilities of PET in neuro-HIV are great complements for structural imaging modalities. Recent and future PET imaging studies can improve our understanding of neuro-HIV and provide biomarkers of disease progress that could be used as surrogate endpoints in the evaluation of the effectiveness of potential neuroprotective therapies.

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    Sanhita Sinharay & Dima A. Hammoud

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Sinharay, S., Hammoud, D.A. Brain PET Imaging: Value for Understanding the Pathophysiology of HIV-associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND). Curr HIV/AIDS Rep 16, 66–75 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11904-019-00419-8

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