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Monitoring HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder Using Screenings: a Critical Review Including Guidelines for Clinical and Research Use

  • Central Nervous System and Cognition (SS Spudich, Section Editor)
  • Published:
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Abstract

Screening tools to identify HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) are primarily devised to detect cognitive impairment on a single occasion. With the chronicity of HIV infection and the risk of HAND developing or progressing despite viral control, it may be pertinent to repeat HAND screening at more than one time point. Despite this, there are limited data on longitudinal use of such screening tools, particularly with regard to the role of practice effects. Additionally, no guidelines currently exist on the timeframe between testing intervals, or recommendation of the magnitude of baseline impairment that warrants follow-up testing. The aim of the current paper was to review existing evidence for longitudinal validity of HAND screening tools. Only those HAND screening tools previously found to have high cross-sectional criterion validity were included. Preliminary recommendations for clinical use and future research are proposed including in international settings.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Neuroscience Research Australia, 139 Barker Street, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia

    Jody Kamminga & Lucette A. Cysique

  2. Ongoing and Extended Care Services, Hunter New England Local Health District, Armidale Community Health, Armidale, NSW, 2350, Australia

    Jody Kamminga

  3. The Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia

    Luxshimi Lal & Edwina J. Wright

  4. The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia

    Luxshimi Lal & Edwina J. Wright

  5. Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia

    Edwina J. Wright

  6. Faculty of Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia

    Mark Bloch, Bruce J. Brew & Lucette A. Cysique

  7. Holdsworth House Medical Practice, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia

    Mark Bloch

  8. St. Vincent’s Hospital Applied Medical Research Center, The Peter Duncan Neuroscience Unit, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia

    Bruce J. Brew & Lucette A. Cysique

  9. Neurology and HIV Departments, St. Vincent’s Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia

    Bruce J. Brew & Lucette A. Cysique

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  1. Jody Kamminga
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  2. Luxshimi Lal
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  3. Edwina J. Wright
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  4. Mark Bloch
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  6. Lucette A. Cysique
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Lucette A. Cysique.

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Conflict of Interest

Edwina J. Wright has received grant support from Gilead Sciences Inc., Merck Sharp and Dohme, NH&MRC and NIH, speaker fees from ViiV Healthcare, and Gilead Sciences Inc.

Mark Bloch has received research funding from ViiV Healthcare, Gilead Sciences, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Abbvie, Janssen, Amgen and Merck Sharp and Dohme; travel sponsorships from Abbvie; Gilead Sciences; ViiV Healthcare, Bristol-Myers Squibb and Merck Sharp and Dohme and has served on advisory boards for Abbvie, Merck Sharp and Dohme, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Gilead Sciences, ViiV Healthcare, and Eli Lilly.

Bruce J. Brew has received grant support from Biogen Idec, ViiV, Merck Sharpe and Dohme, NHMRC and NIH, speaker fees from ViiV Healthcare, Novartis, Biogen Idec and Boehringer Ingelheim, and royalties from Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press.

Lucette Cysique is funded by a National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia Career Development Fellowship no. APP1045400. She has received honoraria from Abbvie Ltd., CogState Ltd., ViiV Healthcare, partial salary support in 2012 from Merck Sharp Dome and CogState Ltd. CogState funding was unrelated to the current study. She has research support from Abbvie Ltd., ViiV healthcare, the Australian National Association of People Living with HIV/AIDS (NAPWA), and Gilead Sciences. CogState did not pay her for the current study or any other commercial entity.

Jody Kamminga and Luxshimi Lal declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.

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This article is part of the Topical Collection on Central Nervous System and Cognition

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Kamminga, J., Lal, L., Wright, E.J. et al. Monitoring HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder Using Screenings: a Critical Review Including Guidelines for Clinical and Research Use. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep 14, 83–92 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11904-017-0349-9

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