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Impact of Sex in the Incidence of Heart Failure in Patients with Chronic Coronary Syndrome

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Abstract

Purpose of Review

This review examines the available evidence concerning the incidence of heart failure in patients with chronic coronary syndrome, with a focus on gender differences.

Recent Findings

The incidence of heart failure in the context of chronic coronary syndrome presents conflicting data. Most of the available information stems from studies involving stable patients’ post-acute coronary syndrome, revealing a wide range of incidence rates, from less than 3% to over 20%, observed over 5 years of follow-up. Regarding the gender differences in heart failure incidence, there is no consensus about whether women exhibit a higher incidence, particularly in the presence of evidence of obstructive coronary artery disease. However, in cases where obstructive coronary artery disease is absent, women may face a more unfavourable prognosis due to a higher prevalence of microvascular disease and heart failure with preserved ventricular function.

Summary

The different profile of ischaemic heart disease in women difficult to establish differences in prognosis independently associated with female sex. Targeted investigations are essential to discern the incidence of heart failure in chronic coronary syndrome and explore potential gender-specific associations.

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Data Availability

No datasets were generated or analysed during the current study.

Abbreviations

CCS:

chronic coronary syndrome.

CHF:

congestive heart failure

ANOCA:

angina without obstructive coronary lesions.

HFpEF:

heart failure with preserved ventricular function.

INOCA:

ischaemia without obstructive coronary lesions.

LVEF:

left ventricular ejection fraction.

MINOCA:

myocardial infarction without obstructive coronary lesions

MIOCA:

myocardial infarction with obstructive coronary lesions

NSTEMI:

Non-ST elevation myocardial infarction.

STEMI:

ST-elevation myocardial infarction

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  1. Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Ctra. Murcia-Cartagena s/n. 30120, Murcia, Spain

    Ramón López-Palop & Pilar Carrillo

  2. Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario de Cabueñes, Gijón, Spain

    Íñigo Lozano

  3. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain

    Íñigo Lozano

  4. Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain

    Íñigo Lozano

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R.L. wrote the main manuscript text and prepared figure and tables P.C. and I.L. revised it critically for important intellectual content;

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López-Palop, R., Carrillo, P. & Lozano, Í. Impact of Sex in the Incidence of Heart Failure in Patients with Chronic Coronary Syndrome. Curr Heart Fail Rep (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11897-024-00663-z

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