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Cardiovascular Effects of Different GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

  • Pharmacologic Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes (HE Lebovitz and G Bahtiyar, Section Editors)
  • Published:
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Abstract

Purpose of Review

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) have positive effects on weight loss, blood pressure, hyperlipidemia, and glycemic control. They exhibit a broad range of effects on the cardiovascular system that are independent of changes in blood glucose. Cardiovascular outcome trials have demonstrated safety of GLP-1 RAs but results for cardiovascular efficacy were varied. The aim of the present review is the assessment of the effects of GLP-1 RAs on cardiovascular risk factors, and major cardiovascular events.

Recent Findings

Use of GLP-1 RAs was associated with relative risk reduction in cardiovascular mortality and all-cause mortality with no significant differences for the incidence of severe hypoglycemia, pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer, or medullary thyroid cancer when compared to placebo. Although there are differences between individual medications with respect to their effects on cardiovascular events, GLP-1 RAs offer a favorable risk-benefit profile.

Summary

The present review confirms the cardiovascular safety and efficacy vs placebo of GLP-1 RAs in patients with type 2 diabetes at moderate-to-high atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk without significant side effects. Although professional guidelines recommend metformin as the sole first-line agent, GLP-1 RAs can be used as first-line therapy in individuals with type 2 diabetes who either are intolerant to metformin or have high cardiovascular risk factors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Endocrinology, State University of New York Health Science Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA

    Gül Bahtiyar, Jean Pujals-Kury & Alan Sacerdote

  2. Department of Medicine, Woodhull Medical & Mental Health Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA

    Gül Bahtiyar & Alan Sacerdote

  3. Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Woodhull Medical & Mental Health Center, New York University School of Medicine, 760 Broadway, Brooklyn, NY, 11206, USA

    Gül Bahtiyar & Alan Sacerdote

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  1. Gül Bahtiyar
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Gül Bahtiyar, Jean Pujals-Kury, and Alan Sacerdote declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Bahtiyar, G., Pujals-Kury, J. & Sacerdote, A. Cardiovascular Effects of Different GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Curr Diab Rep 18, 92 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-018-1043-z

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