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Beta Cell Function and the Nutritional State: Dietary Factors that Influence Insulin Secretion

  • Lifestyle Management to Reduce Diabetes\/Cardiovascular Risk (E Mayer-Davis and C Shay, Section Editors)
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Abstract

Approximately 366 million people worldwide have been diagnosed with type-2 diabetes (T2D). Chronic insulin resistance, decreased functional β-cell mass, and elevated blood glucose are defining characteristics of T2D. Great advances have been made in understanding the pathogenesis of T2D with respect to the effects of dietary macronutrient composition and energy intake on β-cell physiology and glucose homeostasis. It has been further established that obesity is a leading pathogenic factor for developing insulin resistance. However, insulin resistance may not progress to T2D unless β-cells are unable to secret an adequate amount of insulin to compensate for decreased insulin sensitivity. Therefore, pancreatic β-cell dysfunction plays an important role in the development of overt diabetes. This paper reviews recent research findings on the effects of several micronutrients (zinc, vitamin D, iron, vitamin A), leucine, and the phytochemical, genistein on pancreatic β-cell physiology with emphasis on their effects on insulin secretion, specifically in the context of T2D.

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  1. Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercises, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Virginia Tech Corporate Research Center, 1981 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA

    William T. Moore, Suzanne M. Bowser, Dane W. Fausnacht, Linda L. Staley, Kyung-Shin Suh & Dongmin Liu

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  1. William T. Moore
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  2. Suzanne M. Bowser
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  3. Dane W. Fausnacht
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  4. Linda L. Staley
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  6. Dongmin Liu
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Correspondence to Dongmin Liu.

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This article is part of the Topical Collection on Lifestyle Management to Reduce Diabetes/Cardiovascular Risk

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Moore, W.T., Bowser, S.M., Fausnacht, D.W. et al. Beta Cell Function and the Nutritional State: Dietary Factors that Influence Insulin Secretion. Curr Diab Rep 15, 76 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-015-0650-1

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