Abstract
Purpose of Review
Cell therapy for cardiovascular diseases is regarded as a rapidly growing field within regenerative medicine. Different cellular populations enriched for cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs), or derivate a-cellular products, are currently under preclinical and clinical evaluation. Here, we have reviewed the described mechanisms whereby resident post-natal CPCs, isolated in different ways, act as a therapeutic product on the damaged myocardium.
Recent Findings
Several biological mechanisms of action have been described which can explain the multiple therapeutic effects of CPC treatment observed on cardiac function and remodelling. These mechanisms span from direct cardiovascular differentiation, through induction of resident progenitor proliferation, to paracrine effects on cardiac and non-cardiac cells mediated by exosomes and non-coding RNAs.
Summary
All the reported mechanisms of action support an integrated view including cardiomyogenesis, cardioprotection, and anti-fibrotic effects. Moreover, future developments of CPC therapy approaches may support cell-free strategies, exploiting effective pleiotropic cell-derived products, such as exosomes.
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References
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Acknowledgments
SS and IC are supported by a grant from the Italian Ministry of Health, protocol GR-2013-02355401. GF is supported by a grant from the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research, protocol 20157ATSLF. EDF is supported by a grant from the Italian Ministry of Health, protocol CO-2013-02359690.
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Francesca Pagano, Vittorio Picchio, Francesco Angelini, Alessandra Iaccarino, Mariangela Peruzzi, Elena Cavarretta, Giuseppe Biondi-Zoccai, Sebastiano Sciarretta, Elena De Falco, and Isotta Chimenti declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Giacomo Frati is inventor of patents WO2005012510, owned by “La Sapienza” University of Rome.
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This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.
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This article is part of the Topical Collection on Myocardial Disease
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Pagano, F., Picchio, V., Angelini, F. et al. The Biological Mechanisms of Action of Cardiac Progenitor Cell Therapy. Curr Cardiol Rep 20, 84 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11886-018-1031-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11886-018-1031-6