Abstract
We consider a nonlocal problem involving the fractional Laplacian and the Hardy potential in bounded smooth domains. Exploiting the moving plane method and some weak and strong comparison principles, we deduce symmetry and monotonicity properties of positive solutions under zero Dirichlet boundary conditions.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
R. A. Adams, Sobolev Spaces, Academics Press, New York, 1975.
G. Alberti and G. Bellettini, A nonlocal anisotropic model for phase transitions. I. The optimal profile problem, Math. Ann. 310 (1998), 527–560.
A. D. Alexandrov, A characteristic property of the spheres, Ann. Mat. Pura Appl. 58 (1962), 303–354.
B. Barrios, E. Colorado, R. Servadei, and F. Soria, A critical fractional equation with concaveconvex nonlinearities, Ann. Henri Poincaré 3 (2015), 875–900.
B. Barrios, A. Figalli, and E. Valdinoci, Bootstrap regularity for integro-differential operators and its application to nonlocal minimal surfaces, Ann. Sc. Norm. Sup. Pisa Cl. Sci. (5) 13 (2014), 609–639.
B. Barrios, M. Medina, and I. Peral, Some remarks on the solvability of non local elliptic problems with the Hardy potential, Commun. Contemp. Math. 16 (2014), no. 4.
B. Barrios, I. Peral, F. Soria, and E. Valdinoci, A Widder’s type theorem for the heat equation with nonlocal diffusion, Arch. Rational Mech. Anal. 213 (2014), 629–650.
R. Bass and M. Kassmann, Hölder continuity of harmonic functions with respect to operators of variable order, Comm. Partial Differential Equations 30 (2005), 1249–1259.
W. Beckner, Pitt’s inequality and the uncertainty principle, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 123 (1995), 1897–1905.
H. Berestycki and L. Nirenberg, On the method of moving planes and the sliding method, Bolletin Soc. Brasil. de Mat Nova Ser, 22 (1991), 1–37
C. Bjorland, L. Caffarelli, and A. Figalli, Non-local gradient dependent operators, Adv. Math. 230 (2012), 1859–1894.
K. Bogdan, T. Byczkowski, T. Kulczycki, M. Ryznar, R. Song, and Z. Vondracek, Potential Analysis of Stable Processes and its Extensions, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2009.
H. Brezis and X. Cabré, Some simple nonlinear PDE’s without solutions, Boll. Unione Mat. Ital. 1-B (1998), 223–262.
X. Cabré and J. Sola-Morales, Layer solutions in a half-space for boundary reactions, Comm. Pure Appl. Math. 58 (2005), 1678–1732.
X. Cabré and Y. Sire, Nonlinear equations for fractional laplacians II: existence, uniqueness, and qualitative properties of solutions, Ann. Inst. H. Poincare (C) Non Linear Analysis, online 2013.
L. Caffarelli, Further regularity for the Signorini problem, Comm. Partial Differential Equations, 4 (1979), 1067–1075.
L. Caffarelli and A. Figalli, Regularity of solutions to the parabolic fractional obstacle problem, J. Reine Angew. Math. 680 (2013), 191–233.
L. Caffarelli, J. M. Roquejoffre, and Y. Sire, Variational problems in free boundaries for the fractional Laplacian, J. Eur. Math. Soc. (JEMS) 12 (2010), 1151–1179.
L. Caffarelli and L. Silvestre, Regularity theory for fully nonlinear integro-differential equations, Comm. Pure Appl. Math. 62 (2009), 597–638.
L. Caffarelli and L. Silvestre, Regularity results for nonlocal equations by approximation, Arch. Rational Mech. Anal. 200 (2011), 59–88.
L. Caffarelli and L. Silvestre, The Evans-Krylov theorem for non local fully non linear equations, Ann. of Math. (2) 174 (2011), 1163–1187.
L. Caffarelli and A. Vasseur, Drift diffusion equations with fractional diffusion and the quasigeostrophic equation, Ann. of Math. (2) 171 (2010), 1903–1930.
W. Chen, C. Li, and B. Ou, Qualitative properties of solutions for an integral equation, Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst. 12 (2005), 347–354.
W. Chen, C. Li, and B. Ou, Classification of solutions for an integral equation, Comm. Pure Appl. Math. 59 (2006), 330–343.
E. Di Nezza, G. Palatucci, and E. Valdinoci, Hitchhiker’s guide to the fractional Sobolev spaces, Bull. Sci. Math. 136 (2012), 521–573.
S. Dipierro, L. Montoro, I. Peral, and B. Sciunzi, Qualitative properties of positive solutions to nonlocal critical problems involving the Hardy-Leray potential, Calc. Var. Partial Differential Equations 55 (2016), Art. 99.
S. Dipierro, G. Palatucci, and E. Valdinoci, Existence and symmetry results for a Schrödinger type problem involving the fractional Laplacian, Matematiche (Catania) 68 (2013), 201–216.
R. L. Frank, E. H. Lieb, and R. Seiringer, Hardy-Lieb-Thirring inequalities for fractional Schrödinger operators, J. Amer.Math. Soc. 21 (2008), 925–950.
P. Felmer and Y. Wang, Radial symmetry of positive solutions to equations involving the fractional Laplacian, Commun. Contemp. Math. 16 (2014), no. 1.
A. Figalli, S. Dipierro, and E. Valdinoci, Strongly nonlocal dislocation dynamics in crystals, Commun. Partial Differential Equations 39 (2014), 2351–2387.
B. Gidas, W. M. Ni, and L. Nirenberg, Symmetry and related properties via the maximum principle, Comm. Math. Phys. 68 (1979), 209–243.
I. Herbst, Spectral theory of the operator (p2 +m2)1/2-Ze2/r, Commun. Math. Phys. 53 (1977), 285–294.
R. Husseini and M. Kassmann, Jump processes, L-harmonic functions, continuity estimates and the Feller property, Ann. Inst. Henri Poincaré Probab. Stat. 45 (2009), 1099–1115.
S. Jarohs and T. Weth, Asymptotic symmetry for a class of nonlinear fractional reaction-diffusion equations, Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst. 34 (2014), 2581–2615.
S. Jarohs and T. Weth, Symmetry via antisymmetric maximum principles in nonlocal problems of variable order, Ann. Mat. Pura Appl. (4) 195 (2016), 273–291.
K. Ito, Lectures on Stochastic Processes, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1984.
N. Landkof, Foundations of Modern Potential Theory, Springer-Verlag, New York-Heidelberg, 1972.
T. Leonori, I. Peral, A. Primo, and F. Soria, Basic estimates for solutions of a class of nonlocal elliptic and parabolic equations, Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst. 35 (2015), 6031–6068.
E. Lieb, Sharp constants in the Hardy-Littlewood-Sobolev and related inequalities, Ann. of Math. (2) 118 (1983), 349–374.
L. Ma and D. Chen, Radial symmetry and monotonicity for an integral equation, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 342 (2008), 943–949.
X. Ros-Oton and J. Serra, The Dirichlet problem for the fractional laplacian: regularity up to the boundary, J. Math. Pures Appl. (9) 101 (2014), 275–302.
O. Savin and E. Valdinoci, Elliptic PDEs with fibered nonlinearities, J. Geom. Anal. 19 (2009), 420–432l.
J. Serra, Cs+a regularity for concave nonlocal fully nonlinear elliptic equations with rough kernels, Calc. Var. Partial Differential Equations 54 (2015), 3571–3601.
J. Serrin, A symmetry problem in potential theory, Arch. Rational Mech. Anal. 43 (1971), 304–318.
R. Servadei and E. Valdinocci, Mountain Pass solutions for non-local elliptic operators, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 389 (2012), 887–898.
R. Servadei and E. Valdinoci, Variational methods for non-local operators of elliptic type, Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst. 33 (2013), 2105–2137.
A. Signorini, Questioni di elasticitá non linearizzata e semilinearizzata, Rendiconti di Matematica e delle sue applicazioni 18 (1959), 95–139.
L. Silvestre, Regularity of the obstacle problem for a fractional power of the Laplace operator, Comm. Pure Appl. Math. 60 (2007), 67–112.
Y. Sire and E. Valdinoci, Fractional Laplacian phase transitions and boundary reactions: a geometric inequality and a symmetry result, J. Funct. Anal. 256 (2009), 1842–1864.
E. M. Stein, Singular Integrals and Differentiability Properties of Functions, Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, 1970.
E. M. Stein, Harmonic Analysis: Real-Variable Methods, Orthogonality, and Oscillatory Integrals, Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, 1993.
J. Toland, The Peierls-Nabarro and Benjamin-Ono equations, J. Funct. Anal. 145 (1997), 136–150.
E. Valdinoci, From the long jump random walk to the fractional Laplacian, Bol. Soc. Esp. Mat. Apl. SeMA, 49 (2009), 33–44.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Partially supported by project MTM2010-18128, MICI NN.
Partially supported by PRIN-2011: Variational and Topological Methods in the Study of Nonlinear Phenomena.
Partially supported by ERC-2011-grant: Elliptic PDE’ s and symmetry of interfaces and layers for odd nonlinearities.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Barrios, B., Montoro, L. & Sciunzi, B. On the moving plane method for nonlocal problems in bounded domains. JAMA 135, 37–57 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11854-018-0031-1
Received:
Revised:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11854-018-0031-1