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Recycling of Spent Lead-Acid Battery for Lead Extraction with Sulfur Conservation

  • Thermodynamic Modeling of Sustainable Non-Ferrous Metals Production
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Abstract

This study proposed a cleaner pyrometallurgical lead-acid battery (LAB) recycling method for lead extraction and sulfur conservation without an excessive amount of SO2 generation. A reducing atmosphere was introduced to the lead paste recycling system to selectively reduce PbSO4 to PbS. At the same time, PbO and PbO2 components contained in the lead paste were also reduced to metallic Pb. Then, the intermediate PbS further reacted with a sulfur-fixing agent, typically Fe3O4, to generate PbO and FeS. Sulfur was transformed from PbSO4 to PbS and finally conserved as FeS. Thus, SO2 emissions and pollution were significantly eliminated. This work investigated the thermodynamic and experimental feasibility and phase conversion mechanism of this proposed method, the detailed lead extraction and sulfur fixing mechanisms were clarified, and the phase transformation and microstructural evolution processes were characterized. Additionally, a bench experiment of industrial, end-of-life LAB paste was conducted to detect the lead recovery and sulfur fixation efficiency.

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Acknowledgements

This work is supported by the Specialized Research Project of Guangdong Provincial Applied Science and Technology, China (Grant No. 2016B020242001); Hunan Provincial Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars, China (Grant No. 2018JJ1044); National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51234009 and 51604105); SYMMET (Grant No. 211744).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China

    Yun Li, Shenghai Yang, Jing He, Yongming Chen, Chaobo Tang & Ari Jokilaakso

  2. Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150, Espoo, Finland

    Yun Li, Pekka Taskinen & Ari Jokilaakso

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  1. Yun Li
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  2. Shenghai Yang
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  3. Pekka Taskinen
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  4. Jing He
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  5. Yongming Chen
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  7. Ari Jokilaakso
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Correspondence to Chaobo Tang.

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Li, Y., Yang, S., Taskinen, P. et al. Recycling of Spent Lead-Acid Battery for Lead Extraction with Sulfur Conservation. JOM 72, 3186–3194 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-019-03885-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-019-03885-y

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