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Heating Mechanism of High Aluminum Fly Ash Activated by Na2CO3 in Microwave Field

  • Aluminum: Recycling and Environmental Footprint
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Abstract

The microwave-absorption capabilities of high-alumina fly ash (HAFA), Na2CO3 and HAFA–Na2CO2 mixtures were investigated by determining the dielectric properties [real part (ε′), imaginary part (ε″) and dielectric loss tangent (tan δ)] from 25°C to 800°C, using the microwave resonant cavity technique at a microwave frequency of 2450 MHz. The mass ratio of the HAFA–Na2CO3 mixtures used in all experiments was 1:1. The study found that the microwave absorption capabilities of HAFA alone do not change significantly within the range of temperatures examined. For both Na2CO3 and HAFA–Na2CO3 mixtures, however, a sharp increase in absorption capability was observed above 400°C. The microwave heating behavior of the HAFA–Na2CO3 mixtures can be divided into two stages: in the first stage (< 350°C), heating rates were found to be lower due to the weaker microwave absorption capability of the HAFA and Na2CO3; however, in the second stage (≥ 350°C), a sharp increase in heating rate was observed, linked to the strengthened absorption capability of the Na2CO3. The study found that HAFA–Na2CO3 mixtures have a good microwave-absorption ability and can be heated rapidly by microwaves; therefore, it is feasible to use microwave heating for the activation of high-alumina fly ash with Na2CO3.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful for the financial support by the National Key R& D Program of China (No. 2017YFB0603101) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51764034).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Intensification Metallurgy, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, Yunnan, China

    Baocheng Zhou, Junwen Zhou, Libo Zhang, Tu Hu, Li Yang & Guo Lin

  2. State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, Yunnan, China

    Baocheng Zhou, Junwen Zhou, Libo Zhang, Tu Hu, Li Yang & Guo Lin

  3. Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, Yunnan, China

    Baocheng Zhou, Junwen Zhou, Libo Zhang, Tu Hu, Li Yang & Guo Lin

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  1. Baocheng Zhou
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  4. Tu Hu
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Correspondence to Tu Hu.

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Zhou, B., Zhou, J., Zhang, L. et al. Heating Mechanism of High Aluminum Fly Ash Activated by Na2CO3 in Microwave Field. JOM 71, 2959–2965 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-019-03535-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-019-03535-3

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