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Morphodynamics of an Artificial Cobble Beach in Tianquan Bay, Xiamen, China

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Abstract

By tracking and monitoring the profile configuration, topography, and hydrodynamic factors of an artificial cobble beach in Tianquan Bay, Xiamen, China over three consecutive years after its completion, we analyzed the evolution of its profile configuration and plane morphology, and its storm response characteristics. The evolution of the profile configuration of the artificial cobble beach in Tianquan Bay can be divided into four stages. The beach was unstable during the initial stage after the beach nourishment the profile configuration changed obviously, and an upper concave composite cobble beach formed gradually, which was characterized by a steep upper part and a gentle lower part. In the second stage, the cobble beach approached dynamic equilibrium with minor changes in the profile configuration. At the third stage the beach was in a high-energy state under the influence of Typhoon Meranti, and the response of the artificial cobble beach differed significantly from that of the low-tide terrace sandy beach. Within a short time, there was net onshore transport of cobbles in the cross-shore direction. The beach face was eroded, the beach berm was accumulated, and the slope of the beach was steepened considerably. In the alongshore direction, there was notable transport of cobbles on the beach from east to west along the shore, and the total volume of the beach decreased by 4.5×103 m3, which accounted for 50% of the total amount of beach volume lost within three years. The fourth stage was the restoration stage after the typhoon, characterized by a little gentler profile slope and the increase in width and the decrease in height of beach berm. Because of the action of waves and the wave-driven longshore current caused by the specific terrain and landform conditions along the coast (e.g., coastal headlands, near-shore artificial structures, and reefs), the coastline of the artificial cobble beach gradually evolved from being essentially parallel to the artificial coast upon completion to a slightly curved parabolic shape, and three distinct erosion hotspots were formed on the west side of the cape and the artificial drainpipe, and the reefs. Generally, the adoption of cobbles for beach nourishment on this macro-tidal coast beach with severe erosion has yielded excellent stability and adaptability.

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by the Scientific Research Foundation of the Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration (Nos. 20170305, 2011010) and the Public Science and Technology Research Funds Projects of Ocean (No. 201405037). We thank all of the investigators for their help in collecting data during the observations. Special thanks go to Drs. Yue Yu, Gen Liu and Yang Lu for their field efforts. We are thankful to the anonymous reviewers whose valuable comments helped improve the original manuscript.

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  1. College of Marine Geosciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China

    Fangfang Shu

  2. Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361005, China

    Fangfang Shu, Feng Cai, Hongshuai Qi, Gang Lei & Jixiang Zheng

  3. Island Research Center, Ministry of Natural Resources, Pingtan, 350400, China

    Jianhui Liu

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  1. Fangfang Shu
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Correspondence to Feng Cai.

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Shu, F., Cai, F., Qi, H. et al. Morphodynamics of an Artificial Cobble Beach in Tianquan Bay, Xiamen, China. J. Ocean Univ. China 18, 868–882 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11802-019-3860-3

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