Skip to main content
Log in

Effects of warm compaction on mechanical properties of sintered P/M steels

  • Published:
Journal of Central South University of Technology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The green and sintered densities, and tensile strength of sintered P/M steels produced by cold compaction, warm compaction, warm compaction combined with die wall lubrication (DWL) were measured under various compaction pressures using polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) emulsion as the die wall lubricant. The effects of warm compaction on the mechanical properties were studied. The tensile fracture behaviors of cold compaction and warm compaction were studied using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results show that the density of sintered P/M steel prepared by warm compaction or warm compaction with DWL is higher than that by cold compaction under all compaction pressures. Meanwhile, the highest tensile strength is obtained by combination of warm compaction and die wall lubrication under all compaction pressures. The SEM results show that the fracture modes of the sintered samples prepared by cold compaction and warm compaction at 700 MPa are the mixed mode of ductile fracture and brittle fracture, and obvious dimples can be found in some regions. The fracture of sample prepared by cold compaction is uneven and has irregular and big pores, but that by warm compaction is relatively even and the pores are round mostly, and the samples have many obvious dimples on the whole fracture surface.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. HUANG Pei-yun. The Principle of Powder Metallurgy[M]. 2nd. Beijing: Metallurgical Industry Press, 2004: 377–396. (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  2. YE Tu-ming, YI Jian-hong, PENG Yuan-dong, et al. New technique of increasing the compact density of powder metallurgy parts[J]. Powder Metallurgy Industry, 2003, 13(6): 32–36. (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  3. GUO Shi-ju. Technical progress in warm compaction in powder metallurgy[J]. Powder Metallurgy Industry, 2003, 13(2): 4–8. (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  4. CAPUS J, PICKERING S, WEAVER A. Hoeganaes offers higher density at lower cost[J]. Metal Powder Report, 1994, 49(7/8): 22–24.

    Google Scholar 

  5. RUTZ H G, HANEJKO F G. High density processing of high performance ferrous materials[J]. International of Powder Metallurgy, 1995, 31(1): 9–17.

    Google Scholar 

  6. ST-LAURENT S, CHAGNON F. Key parameters for warm compaction of high density materials[C]// Advances in Powder Metallurgy & Particulate Materials. Princeton: MPIF, 1996, 2: 125–138.

    Google Scholar 

  7. ENSTRÖM U, JOHANSSON B. Experience with warm compaction of densmix powders in the production of complex parts[C]// KOSUGE K, NAGAI H. Proceedings of 2000 Powder Metallurgy World Congress. Kyoto: Japan Society of Powder and Powder Metallurgy, 2000: 536–539.

    Google Scholar 

  8. SAWAYAMA T, SATO M, SEKI Y, et al. High performance P/M materials by high density process[C]// KOSUGE K, NAGAI H. Proceedings of 2000 Powder Metallurgy World Congress. Kyoto: Japan Society of Powder and Powder Metallurgy, 2000: 540–542.

    Google Scholar 

  9. CHAGNON F, ST-LAURENT S. Optimizing powder mix formulation and processing conditions for warm compaction[C]// KOSUGE K, NAGAI H. Proceedings of 2000 Powder Metallurgy World Congress. Kyoto: Japan Society of Powder and Powder Metallurgy, 2000: 543–546.

    Google Scholar 

  10. LI Yuan-yuan, NGAI T L, ZHANG Da-tong, et al. Effect of die wall lubrication on warm compaction powder metallurgy[J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2002, 129(1/3): 354–358.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. CHAGNON F, GÉLINAS C, TRUDEL Y. Development of high density materials for P/M applications[C]// Advances in Powder Metallurgy & Particulate Materials. Princeton: MPIF, 1994, 3: 199–206.

    Google Scholar 

  12. NGAI T L, CHEN Wei-ping, XIAO Zhi-yu, et al. Die wall lubricated warm compaction of iron-based powder metallurgy material[J]. Trans Nonferrous Met Soc China, 2002, 12(6): 1095–1098.

    Google Scholar 

  13. YE Tu-ming, YI Jian-hong, CHEN Shi-jin, et al. Die wall lubricated warm compaction behavior of non-lubricant admixed iron powders[J]. J Cent South Univ Technol, 2005, 12(6): 653–656.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. LEMIEUX P, THOMAS Y, MONGENON P E, et al. Benefits of die wall lubrication for powder compaction[C]// Advances in Powder Metallurgy & Particulate Materials. Princeton: MPIF, 2003, 3: 16–25.

    Google Scholar 

  15. CAPUS J M. Die wall lubrication aids higher density[J]. Metal Powder Report, 1998, 53(9): 28.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. KATSUHIKO U, TERUFUMI M, MAKOTO I, et al. Effects of powder lubricants and compacting temperature on the higher density of iron-based green compacts[J]. Hitachi Powdered Metals Technical Report, 2002(1): 29–38.

  17. BOCCHINI G F. Warm compaction of metal powders: Why it works, why it requires a sophisticated engineering approach[J]. Powder Metallurgy, 1999, 42(2): 171–180.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. SAJDAK R J, MCNALLY R P, NASTA M D, et al. Two methods for characterizing the compaction and ejection behavior of metal powders in a die[J]. Int J Powder Metall, 1970, 6(2): 13–23.

    Google Scholar 

  19. YARNTON D, DAVIES T J. Effect of lubrication on the compaction and sintering of iron powder compacts[J]. Int J Powder Metall, 1972, 8(2): 51–57.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yi Jian-hong PhD  (易健宏).

Additional information

Foundation item: Project (MKPT-2004-09ZD) supported by the National Key Technological Research and Development Program of China; Project (040117) supported by the Innovative Engineering Program of Central South University

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Yi, Jh., Ye, Tm., Peng, Yd. et al. Effects of warm compaction on mechanical properties of sintered P/M steels. J Cent. South Univ. Technol. 14, 447–451 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11771-007-0087-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11771-007-0087-z

Key words

Navigation