Abstract
In this paper, we theoretically and numerically study a combined monopole–dipole measurement mode to show its capability to overcome the issues encountered in conventional single-well imaging, i.e., the low signal-to-noise ratio of the reflections and azimuth ambiguity. First, the azimuth ambiguity, which exists extensively in conventional single-well imaging, is solved with an improved imaging procedure using combined monopole–dipole logging data in addition to conventional logging data. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the direct waves propagating along the boreholes with strong energy, can be effectively eliminated with the proposed combined monopole–dipole measurement mode. The reflections are therefore predominant in the combined monopole–dipole data even before the signals are filtered; thus, the reflections’ arrival times in each receiver are identified, which may help minimize the difficulties in filtering conventional logging data. The optimized processing flow of the combined measurement mode logging image is given in this paper. The proposed combined monopole–dipole measurement mode may improve the accuracy of single-well imaging.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Che, X. H., Qiao, W. X., Ju, X. D., Wu, J. P., and Men, B. Y., 2017, Experimental study on the performance of an azimuthal acoustic receiver sonde for a downhole tool: Geophysical Prospecting, 65(1), 1–12.
Coates, R., Kane, M., Chang, C., Esmersoy, C., Fukuhara, M., and Yamamoto, H., 2000, Single–well sonic imaging: High–definition reservoir cross–sections from horizontal wells: SPE/CIM International Conference on Horizontal Well Technology, Society of Petroleum Engineers.
Esmersoy, C., Chang, C., Kane, M., Coates, R., Tichelaar, B., and Quint, E., 1998, Acoustic imaging of reservoir structure from a horizontal well: The Leading Edge, 17, 940–946.
Gong, H., Chen, H., He, X., and Wang, X., 2015, Eliminating the azimuth ambiguity in single–well imaging using 3C sonic data: Geophysics, 80(1), A13–A17.
Haldorsen, J., Voskamp, A., Thorsen, R., Vissapragada, B., Williams, S., and Fejerskov, M., 2006, Borehole acoustic reflection survey for high resolution imaging: SEG Annual Meeting, Society of Exploration Geophysicists.
Hornby, B. E., 1989, Imaging of near–borehole structure using full–waveform sonic data: Geophysics, 54, 747–757.
Kurkjian, A. L., and Chang, S. K., 1986, Acoustic multipole sources in fluid–filled boreholes: Geophysics, 51(1), 148–163.
Liu, Q. H., Schoen, E., Daube, F., Randall, C., Liu, H. L., and Lee, P., 1996, A three–dimensional finite difference simulation of sonic logging: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 100(1), 72–79.
Li, J., Tao, G., Zhang, K., Wang, B., and Wang, H., 2014, An effective data processing flow for the acoustic reflection image logging: Geophysical Prospecting, 62(3), 530–539.
Li, C., and Yue, W., 2015, High–resolution adaptive beamforming for borehole acoustic reflection imaging, Geophysics, 80(6), D565–D574.
Sun, R., McMechan, G. A., Lee, C. S., Chow, J., and Chen, C. H., 2006, Prestack scalar reverse–time depth migration of 3D elastic seismic data: Geophysics, 71(5), S199–S207.
Tang, X. M., 2004, Imaging near–borehole structure using directional acoustic–wave measurement: Geophysics, 69, 1378–1386.
Tang, X. M., Zheng, Y., and Patterson, D., 2007, Processing array acoustic–logging data to image near–borehole geologic structures: Geophysics, 72(2), E87–E97.
Tang, X. M., and Patterson, D., 2009, Single–well S–wave imaging using multicomponent dipole acoustic–log data: Geophysics, 74(6), A211–A223.
Wang, B., Zhang, K., Tao, G., Liu, H., and Zhang, X. L., 2018, Acoustic reflection well logging modeling in the frequency domain with a hybrid PML: Applied Geophysics, 15(1), 35–45.
Wang, H., Tao, G., Zhang, K., and Li, J. X., 2012, Numerical Simulations for Acoustic Reflection Imaging with FDM and FEM: 74th EAGE Conference and Exhibition incorporating EUROPEC 2012.
Wang, Z., Hu, H., and Yang, Y., 2015, Reciprocity relations for the elastodynamic fields generated by multipole sources in a fluid–solid configuration: Geophysical Journal International, 203(2), 883–892.
Wei, Z. T., and Tang, X. M., 2012, Numerical simulation of radiation, reflection, and reception of elastic waves from a borehole dipole source: Geophysics, 77(6), D253–D261.
Zhang, Y. D., and Hu, H., 2014, A technique to eliminate the azimuth ambiguity in single–well imaging: Geophysics, 79(6), D409–D416.
Zhang, G., Li, N., Guo, H. W., Wu, H. L., and Luo, C., 2015, Fracture identification based on remote detection acoustic reflection logging: Applied Geophysics, 12(4), 473–481.
Acknowledgements
This work was carried out in part by using computing resources at the Supercomputing Center of Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
The work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 11574347, 11374322, 11134011, 11734017, and 91630309) and PetroChina Innovation Foundation (No. 2016D-5007-0304).
Gong Hao received his Ph.D. in Acoustics (2016) from the Chinese Academy of Sciences. His research interests are wave propagation modeling, borehole acoustics, and seismic imaging. Now he is working in China Petrochemical Corporation.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Gong, H., Chen, H., He, X. et al. Modeling and inversions of acoustic reflection logging imaging using the combined monopole–dipole measurement mode. Appl. Geophys. 15, 393–400 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11770-018-0700-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11770-018-0700-y