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Psychotische Störungen und komorbide Suchterkrankungen

Klinische und therapeutische Probleme

Psychotic disorders and comorbid substance use disorders

Clinical and therapeutic problems

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Forensische Psychiatrie, Psychologie, Kriminologie Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Zusammenfassung

Etwa die Hälfte der Menschen mit Psychosen aus dem schizophrenen Formenkreis entwickelt im Laufe ihres Lebens auch eine Suchterkrankung. Diese sog. Doppeldiagnose(DD)-Patienten gelten als schwer behandelbar. Sie haben einen durchschnittlich ungünstigen Verlauf mit unzureichender Compliance, häufigen Rückfällen und schlechten langfristigen soziorehabilitativen Ergebnissen und sie zeigen häufig selbst- und fremdaggressive Verhaltensweisen.

Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden die Modelle zur Erklärung der häufigen Komorbidität zwischen Psychose und Sucht erläutert. Anschließend werden erfolgversprechende Behandlungsansätze skizziert. In der Zusammenschau können niedrigschwellige, motivationsbasierte, integrative Behandlungsprogramme mit psychoedukativen und verhaltenstherapeutischen Elementen in der Behandlung von DD-Patienten hilfreich sein, allerdings müssen die Behandlungspläne langfristig angelegt und die Ziele realistisch und nicht zu hoch sein.

Abstract

Approximately half of the people with psychotic disorders from the schizophrenia group also develop a comorbid addictive disorder during their lifetime. These so-called dual diagnosis patients (DD) are difficult to treat. They have poor compliance and frequent relapses, they often present with aggressive behavior towards themselves and others and the long-term sociorehabilitative outcomes are poor.

In this article the different models for the understanding of the high comorbidity between psychoses and substance use disorders are explained and the principles for an integrated treatment of DD patients are outlined. Low-threshold, motivational, integrated treatment programs with psychoeducative and behavioral therapeutic elements are helpful and should be more extensively implemented; however, long-term treatment methods are needed and therapeutic goals must be realistic and not set too high.

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Correspondence to Euphrosyne Gouzoulis-Mayfrank.

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Gouzoulis-Mayfrank, E. Psychotische Störungen und komorbide Suchterkrankungen. Forens Psychiatr Psychol Kriminol 10, 14–20 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11757-015-0352-1

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