Skip to main content
Log in

The emotional review–reward effect: how do reviews increase impulsivity?

  • Original Empirical Research
  • Published:
Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A growing reliance on customer reviews prompts firms to develop strategies to encourage customers to post online reviews of their products. However, little research investigates the behavioral consequences of writing a review. The act of sharing personal opinions through reviews is a rewarding experience and makes customers feel socially connected. With an application of reverse alliesthesia theory, the current study predicts that such rewarding experiences drive online reviewers to seek other rewards, such as impulsive buying. Three lab-based and two field studies demonstrate such an emotional review–reward effect: sharing emotional information in the public realm of customer reviews, rather than forming similar opinions privately, drives participants to make more impulsive buying decisions.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. The audience and review type manipulation were: We would like you to write down your objective [personal] assessment of the short video biography on the space below. Comment about the quality of the sound, the editing, the length, and the content. As you write, do not let your personal feelings or opinions influence your factual assessment of the video. [Comment about how the film made you feel and what thoughts went through your head as you watched the clip. As you write, let your personal feelings and opinions guide your personal assessment of the video.] This will help you reflect on your experience, which is required for the next task. No one, not even the experimenters, will see what you have written. [Your review of the video will be shared with members of the film academy at our university. This will help them understand the importance of composition on various types films.] Please spend at least 3 min to write the assessment. After this time, you will be able to proceed to the next page.

References

  • Adjei, M. T., Noble, S. M., & Noble, C. H. (2010). The influence of C2C communications in online brand communities on customer purchase behavior. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 38(5), 634–653.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alexandrov, A., Lilly, B., & Babakus, E. (2013). The effects of social-and self-motives on the intentions to share positive and negative word of mouth. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 41(5), 531–546.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Allsop, D. T., Bassett, B. R., & Hoskins, J. A. (2007). Word-of-mouth research: Principles and applications. Journal of Advertising Research, 47(4), 398–411.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Andreoni, J. (1990). Impure altruism and donations to public goods: A theory of warm-glow giving. The Economic Journal, 100(401), 464–477.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baek, H., Ahn, J., & Choi, Y. (2012). Helpfulness of online consumer reviews: Readers' objectives and review cues. International Journal of Electronic Commerce, 17(2), 99–126.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barasch, A., & Berger, J. (2014). Broadcasting and narrowcasting: How audience size affects what people share. Journal of Marketing Research, 51(3), 286–299.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baumeister, R. F. (2002). Yielding to temptation: Self-control failure, impulsive purchasing, and consumer behavior. Journal of Consumer Research, 28(4), 670–676.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baumeister, R. F., & Leary, M. R. (1995). The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 117(3), 497–529.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bearden, W. O., & Haws, K. L. (2012). How low spending control harms consumers. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 40(1), 181–193.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beatty, S. E., & Ferrell, M. E. (1998). Impulse buying: Modeling its precursors. Journal of Retailing, 74(2), 169–191.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bennett, R. (2009). Impulsive donation decisions during online browsing of charity websites. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 8(2–3), 116–134.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berger, J., & Milkman, K. L. (2012). What makes online content viral. Journal of Marketing Research, 49(2), 192–205.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berger, J., & Schwartz, E. M. (2011). What drives immediate and ongoing word of mouth? Journal of Marketing Research, 48(5), 869–880.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berger, J., & Shiv, B. (2011). Food, sex and the hunger for distinction. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 21(4), 464–472.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berger, J., Sorensen, A. T., & Rasmussen, S. J. (2010). Positive effects of negative publicity: When negative reviews increase sales. Marketing Science, 29(5), 815–827.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berridge, K. C., & Robinson, T. E. (1998). What is the role of dopamine in reward? Hedonic impact, reward learning, or incentive salience? Brain Research Reviews, 28(3), 309–369.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bickart, B., & Schindler, R. M. (2001). Internet forums as influential sources of consumer information. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 15(3), 31–40.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bower, G. H. (1981). Mood and memory. American Psychologist, 36(2), 129–148.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, T. J., Barry, T. E., Dacin, P. A., & Gunst, R. F. (2005). Spreading the word: Investigating antecedents of consumers’ positive word-of-mouth intentions and behaviors in a retailing context. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 33(2), 123–138.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cabanac, M. (1979). Sensory pleasure. The Quarterly Review of Biology, 54(1), 1–29.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cavanaugh, L. A. (2014). Because I (don't) deserve it: How relationship reminders and deservingness influence consumer indulgence. Journal of Marketing Research, 51(2), 218–232.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chatterjee, P. (2001). Online reviews: Do consumers use them? In M. C. Gilly & J. Meyers-Levy (Eds.), NA-Advances in Consumer Research (Vol. 28, pp. 129–133). Valdosta: Association for Consumer Research.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chevalier, J. A., & Mayzlin, D. (2006). The effect of word of mouth on sales: Online book reviews. Journal of Marketing Research, 43(3), 345–354.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chintagunta, P. K., Gopinath, S., & Venkataraman, S. (2010). The effects of online user reviews on movie box office performance: Accounting for sequential rollout and aggregation across local markets. Marketing Science, 29(5), 944–957.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Das, S. R., & Chen, M. Y. (2007). Yahoo! For Amazon: Sentiment extraction from small talk on the web. Management Science., 53(9), 1375–1388.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Derlega, V. J., Metts, S., Petronio, S., & Margulis, S. T. (1993). Self-disclosure. Newbury Park: SAGE Publications, Inc..

    Google Scholar 

  • Dhar, R., & Wertenbroch, K. (2012). Self-signaling and the costs and benefits of temptation in consumer choice. Journal of Marketing Research, 49(1), 15–25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dittmar, H. (2005). A new look at ‘compulsive buying’: Self-discrepancies and materialistic values as predictors of compulsive buying tendency. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 24(5), 832–859.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dittmar, H., & Bond, R. (2010). I want it and I want it now: Using a temporal discounting paradigm to examine predictors of consumer impulsivity. British Journal of Psychology, 101(4), 751–776.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Duhan, D. F., Johnson, S. D., Wilcox, J. B., & Harrell, G. D. (1997). Influences on consumer use of word-of-mouth recommendation sources. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 25(4), 283–295.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eliashberg, J., & Shugan, S. M. (1997). Film critics: Influencers or predictors? Journal of Marketing, 61(2), 68–78.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ellingsen, T., & Johannesson, M. (2008). Anticipated verbal feedback induces altruistic behavior. Evolution and Human Behavior, 29(2), 100–105.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gable, S. L., & Reis, H. T. (2010). Good news! Capitalizing on positive events in an interpersonal context. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 42, 195–257.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Garg, N., Wansink, B., & Inman, J. J. (2007). The influence of incidental affect on consumers' food intake. Journal of Marketing, 71(1), 194–206.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Garson, G. D. (2012). Hierarchical linear modeling: Guide and applications. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications, Inc..

    Google Scholar 

  • Ghose, A., Ipeirotis, P. G., & Li, B. (2012). Designing ranking systems for hotels on travel search engines by mining user-generated and crowdsourced content. Marketing Science, 31(3), 493–520.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Godes, D., & Mayzlin, D. (2004). Using online conversations to study word-of-mouth communication. Marketing Science, 23(4), 545–560.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grewal, D., Puccinelli, N., & Monroe, K. B. (2018). Meta-analysis: integrating accumulated knowledge. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 46(1), 9–30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hall, J. A., Coats, E. J., & LeBeau, L. S. (2005). Nonverbal behavior and the vertical dimension of social relations: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 131(6), 898–924.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harrison-Walker, L. J. (2001). The measurement of word-of-mouth communication and an investigation of service quality and customer commitment as potential antecedents. Journal of Service Research, 4(1), 60–75.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • He, S. X., & Bond, S. D. (2015). Why is the crowd divided? Attribution for dispersion in online word of mouth. Journal of Consumer Research, 41(6), 1509–1527.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hellmich, N. (2014), “Put Down the Shiny Object! Most Have Made Impulse Buys,” USA Today, (November 26), [available at http://www.usatoday.com/story/money/personalfinance/2014/11/24/impulse-purchases-holiday-shopping/19477369/].

  • Henderlong, J., & Lepper, M. R. (2002). The effects of praise on children’s intrinsic motivation: A review and synthesis. Psychological Bulletin, 128(5), 774–795.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hicks, R. A., Hicks, M. J., & Mansfield, H. (1969). A multi-solution anagram task. Psychological Reports, 24(2), 671–674.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ho-Dac, N. N., Carson, S. J., & Moore, W. L. (2013). The effects of positive and negative online customer reviews: Do brand strength and category maturity matter? Journal of Marketing, 77(6), 37–53.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hox, J. (2002). Multilevel analysis: Techniques and applications. Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Hu, N., Pavlou, P. A., & Zhang, J. (2007). Why do online product reviews have a JShaped distribution? Overcoming biases in online word-of-mouth communication. Communications of the ACM, 52(10), 144–147.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hu, N., Pavlou, P. A., & Zhang, J. (2009). Why do product reviews have a J-shaped distribution? Communications of the ACM, 52(10), 144–147.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jensen, M. L., Averbeck, J. M., Zhang, Z., & Wright, K. B. (2013). Credibility of anonymous online product reviews: A language expectancy perspective. Journal of Management Information Systems, 30(1), 293–324.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Karmali, N. (2007). “Meet Coke’s next boss”? An interview with Muhtar Kent, CEO–coca Cola, business India, Dec 18.

  • Kelly, L. (2007). Beyond buzz: The next generation of word-of-mouth marketing. AMACOM Division American Management Association.

  • Khan, U., & Dhar, R. (2006). Licensing effect in consumer choice. Journal of Marketing Research, 43(2), 259–266.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kim, B. K., & Zauberman, G. (2013). Can Victoria's secret change the future? A subjective time perception account of sexual-cue effects on impatience. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 142(2), 328–335.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kollat, D. T., & Willett, R. P. (1967). Customer impulse purchasing behavior. Journal of Marketing Research, 4(1), 21–31.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kozinets, R. V., De Valck, K., Wojnicki, A. C., & Wilner, S. J. (2010). Networked narratives: Understanding word-of-mouth marketing in online communities. Journal of Marketing, 74(2), 71–89.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kronrod, A., & Danziger, S. (2013). “Wii will rock you!” the use and effect of figurative language in consumer reviews of hedonic and utilitarian consumption. Journal of Consumer Research, 40(4), 726–739.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Laurenceau, J. P., Barrett, L. F., & Pietromonaco, P. R. (1998). Intimacy as an interpersonal process: The importance of self-disclosure, partner disclosure, and perceived partner responsiveness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(5), 1238–1251.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li, X. (2008). The effects of appetitive stimuli on out-of-domain consumption impatience. Journal of Consumer Research, 34(5), 649–656.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lisjak, M., & Lee, A. Y. (2014). The bright side of impulse: Depletion heightens self-protective behavior in the face of danger. Journal of Consumer Research, 41(1), 55–70.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu, Y. (2006). Word of mouth for movies: Its dynamics and impact on box office revenue. Journal of Marketing, 70(3), 74–89.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ludwig, S., Ruyter, K. D., Friedman, M., Bruggen, E., Wetzels, M., & Pfann, G. (2013). More than words: The influence of affective content and linguistic style matches in online reviews on conversion rates. Journal of Marketing, 77(1), 87–103.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Luo, X. (2005). How does shopping with others influence impulsive purchasing? Journal of Consumer Psychology, 15(4), 288–294.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • May, F., & Irmak, C. (2014). Licensing indulgence in the present by distorting memories of past behavior. Journal of Consumer Research, 41(3), 624–641.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Milberg, S. J., Sinn, F., & Goodstein, R. C. (2010). Consumer reactions to brand extensions in a competitive context: Does fit still matter? Journal of Consumer Research, 37(3), 543–553.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mills, R. S., & Grusec, J. E. (1989). Cognitive, affective, and behavioral consequences of praising altruism. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 35(3), 299–326.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moe, W. W., & Schweidel, D. A. (2012). Online product opinions: Incidence, evaluation, and evolution. Marketing Science, 31(3), 372–386.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mudambi, S. M., & Schuff, D. (2010). What makes a helpful review? A study of customer reviews on Amazon.com. MIS Quarterly, 34(1), 185–200.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nielson (2012). State of the media: The social media report. Retrieved on November 27, 2014 from http://www.nielsen.com/us/en/insights/reports/2012/state-of-the-media-the-social-media-report-2012.html.

  • Ordenes, F., Ludwig, S., De Ruyter, K., Grewal, D., & Wetzels, M. (2017). Unveiling what is written in the stars: Analyzing explicit, implicit, and discourse patterns of sentiment in social media. Journal of Consumer Research, 43(6), 875–894.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pan, Y., & Zhang, J. Q. (2011). Born unequal: A study of the helpfulness of user-generated product reviews. Journal of Retailing, 87(4), 598–612.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pennebaker Conglomerates, Inc. (n.d.). In LIWC: Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count. Retrieved April 23, 2014 from http://www.liwc.net/index.php.

  • Peters, K., & Kashima, Y. (2007). From social talk to social action: Shaping the social triad with emotion sharing. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 93(5), 780–797.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Plummer, J. T. (2007). Word of mouth—A new advertising discipline? Journal of Advertising Research, 47(4), 385–386.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Puccinelli, N. M., Deshpande, R., & Isen, A. M. (2007). Should I stay or should I go? Mood congruity, self-monitoring and retail context preference. Journal of Business Research, 60(6), 640–648.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pullig, C., Netemeyer, R. G., & Biswas, A. (2006). Attitude basis, certainty, and challenge alignment: A case of negative brand publicity. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 34(4), 528–542.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Radcliffe, A. M., Lumley, M. A., Kendall, J., Stevenson, J. K., & Beltran, J. (2007). Written emotional disclosure: Testing whether social disclosure matters. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 26(3), 362–384.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ramanathan, S., & Menon, G. (2006). Time-varying effects of chronic hedonic goals on impulsive behavior. Journal of Marketing Research, 43(4), 628–641.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Raudenbush, S. W., & Bryk, A. S. (2002). Hierarchical linear models: Applications and data analysis methods (Vol. 1). Newbury Park: SAGE Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rime, B. (2009). Emotions elicits the social sharing of emotion: Theory and empirical review. Emotion Review, 1(1), 60–85.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rolls, E. T., Rolls, B. J., & Rowe, E. A. (1983). Sensory-specific and motivation-specific satiety for the sight and taste of food and water in man. Physiology & Behavior, 30(2), 185–192.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rook, D. W., & Fisher, R. J. (1995). Normative influences on impulsive buying behavior. Journal of Consumer Research, 22(3), 305–313.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Salerno, A., Laran, J., & Janiszewski, C. (2014). Hedonic eating goals and emotion: When sadness decreases the desire to indulge. Journal of Consumer Research, 41(1), 135–151.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schumann, J. H., Wangenheim, F. V., Stringfellow, A., Yang, Z., Blazevic, V., Praxmarer, S., & Jiménez, F. R. (2010). Cross-cultural differences in the effect of received word-of-mouth referral in relational service exchange. Journal of International Marketing, 18(3), 62–80.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Senecal, S., & Nantel, J. (2004). The influence of online product recommendations on consumers’ online choices. Journal of Retailing, 80(2), 159–169.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sengupta, J., & Zhou, R. (2007). Understanding impulsivity eaters’ choice behaviors: The motivational influences of regulatory focus. Journal of Marketing Research, 44(2), 297–308.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weber Shandwick (2013). Buy it, try it, rate it. Retrieved on January 27, 2015 from http://www.webershandwick.com/news/article/buy-it-try-it-rate-it-the-power-of-consumer-reviews.

  • Silvera, D. H., Lavack, A. M., & Kropp, F. (2008). Impulse buying: The role of affect, social influence, and subjective wellbeing. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 25(1), 23–33.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sinha, J., & Wang, J. (2013). How time horizon perceptions and relationship deficits affect impulsive consumption. Journal of Marketing Research, 50(5), 590–605.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stampler, L. (2014). Instagrammers post 216,000 new pics a minute and other crazy Internet data facts, Time Magazine, April 23. Retrieved on May 18, 2015 from http://time.com/73581/data-generated-online-every-minute-domo.

  • Streitfeld, D. (2012). For $2 a star, an online retailer gets 5-star product reviews. New York Times, 26.

  • Sun, T., & Wu, G. (2011). Trait predictors of online impulsive buying tendency: A hierarchical approach. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 19(3), 337–346.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tamir, D. I., & Mitchell, J. P. (2012). Disclosing information about the self is intrinsically rewarding. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 109(21), 8038–8043.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tamir, D. I., Zaki, J., & Mitchell, J. P. (2015). Informing others is associated with behavioral and neural signatures of value. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 144(6), 1114–1123.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tausczik, Y. R., & Pennebaker, J. W. (2010). The psychological meaning of words: LIWC and computerized text analysis methods. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 29(1), 24–54.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • The New York Times (2011). The psychology of sharing. Retrieved on August 18, 2014 from http://nytmarketing.whsites.net/mediakit/pos.

  • Tirunillai, S., & Tellis, G. J. (2012). Does chatter really matter? Dynamics of user-generated content and stock performance. Marketing Science, 31(2), 198–215.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Toubia, O., & Stephen, A. T. (2013). Intrinsic vs. image-related utility in social media: Why do people contribute content to twitter? Marketing Science, 32(3), 368–392.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van den Bergh, B., Dewitte, S., & Warlop, L. (2008). Bikinis instigate generalized impatience in intertemporal choice. Journal of Consumer Research, 35(1), 85–97.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vohs, K., & Faber, R. J. (2007). Spent resources: Self-regulatory resource availability affects impulse buying. Journal of Consumer Research, 33(4), 537–547.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vohs, K. D., & Schmeichel, B. J. (2007). Self-regulation: How and why people reach (and fail to reach) their goals. In C. Sedikides & S. J. Spencer (Eds.), Frontiers in Social Psychology: The Self (pp. 139–162). New York: Psychology Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wadhwa, M., Shiv, B., & Nowlis, S. (2008). A bite to whet the reward appetite: The influence of sampling on reward-seeking behaviors. Journal of Marketing Research, 45(4), 403–413.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilcox, K., & Stephen, A. T. (2013). Are close friends the enemy? Online social networks, self-esteem, and self-control. Journal of Consumer Research, 40(1), 90–103.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilcox, K., Vallen, B., Block, L., & Fitzsimons, G. (2009). Vicarious goal fulfillment: When the mere presence of a healthy option leads to an ironically indulgent decision. Journal of Consumer Research, 36(October), 380–393.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilcox, K., Kramer, T., & Sen, S. (2011). Indulgence or self-control: A dual process model of the effect of incidental pride on indulgent choice. Journal of Consumer Research, 38(June), 151–163.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yoon, S., & Kim, H. C. (2016). Keeping the American dream alive: The interactive effect of perceived economic mobility and materialism on impulsive spending. Journal of Marketing Research, 53(5), 759–772.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhu, F., & Zhang, X. (2010). Impact of online consumer reviews on sales: The moderating role of product and consumer characteristics. Journal of Marketing, 74(2), 133–148.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The data collection and analysis was handled by the first and third authors. The authors appreciate the helpful comments of Tana Luger.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Scott Motyka.

Additional information

Anne Roggeveen served as Area Editor for this article.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Motyka, S., Grewal, D., Aguirre, E. et al. The emotional review–reward effect: how do reviews increase impulsivity?. J. of the Acad. Mark. Sci. 46, 1032–1051 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-018-0585-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-018-0585-6

Keywords

Navigation