Abstract
Transesterification with lipases may be used to convert mixtures of fats to plastic fats, making them more suitable for use in edible products. In our study, 1,3-specific (Aspergillus niger, Mucor javanicus, Rhizomucor miehei, Rhizopus javanicus, and Rhizopus niveus) and nonspecific (Pseudomonas sp. and Candida rugosa) lipases were used to transesterify mixtures of palm stearin and sunflower oil (PS-SO) at a 40:60 ratio in a solvent-free medium. The transesterified mixtures of PS-SO were analyzed for their percentage free fatty acids (FFA), degree and rate of transesterification, solid fat content, slip melting point (SMP), and melting characteristics by differential scanning calorimetry. Results indicated that Pseudomonas sp. lipase produced the highest degree (77.3%) and rate (50.0 h−1) of transesterification, followed by R. miehei lipase at 32.7% and 27.1 h−1, respectively. The highest percentage FFA liberated was also in the reaction mixtures catalyzed by Pseudomonas sp. (2.5%) lipase and R. miehei (2.4%). Pseudomonas-catalyzed mixtures produced the biggest drop in SMP (13.5°C) and showed complete melting at below body temperature. All results indicated conversion of the PS-SO mixtures to a more fluid product. The findings also suggest that the specificity of lipases may not play a significant role in lowering the melting point of the PS-SO mixtures.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Pantzaris, T.P., Pocketbook of Palm Oil Uses, Palm Oil Research Institute of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 1987, pp. 23–47.
Haalck, L., H.C. Hedrick, J. Jassink, and F. Spener, Modification of Waste Fats by Lipase-Catalyzed Reaction in Solvent-Free Substrate Blends, in Biocatalysis in Non-Conventional Media, edited by J. Tramper, M.H. Vermüe, H.H. Beeftink, and U. von Stockar, Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., Amsterdam, 1992, pp. 505–512.
Kurashige, J., N. Matsuzaki, and H. Takahashi, Enzymatic Modification of Canola-Palm Oil Mixtures: Effects on the Fluidity of the Mixture, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 70:849–852 (1993).
Ghazali, H.M., A. Maisarah, S. Yusof, and M.S.A.M. Yusoff, Triglyceride Profiles and Melting Properties of Lipase-Catalyzed Transesterified Palm Stearin and Coconut Oil, Asia Pac. J. Mol. Biol. Biotechnol. 3:280–289 (1995).
Foglia, T.A., K. Petruso, and S.H. Feairheller, Enzymatic Transesterification of Tallow-Sunflower Oil Mixture, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 70:281–285 (1993).
Forssell, P., P. Parovuori, P. Linko, and K. Poutanen, Enzymatic Transesterification of Rapeseed Oil and Lauric Acid in a Continuous Reactor, Ibid.:1105–1108 (1993).
Ghazali, H.M., S. Hamidah, and Y.B. Che Man, Enzymatic Transesterification of Palm Olein with Non-Specific and 1,3-Specific Lipases, Ibid.:633–639 (1995).
Mensink, K.P., and M.B. Katan, Effect of Dietary trans Fatty Acids on High Density Lipoprotein and Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels in Healthy Subjects, New Engl. J. Med. 323:439–445 (1990).
Cocks, L.V., and C. van Rede, Laboratory Handbook for Oils and Fats Analyses, Academic Press, London, 1966, pp. 113–117.
Official Methods and Recommended Practices of the American Oil Chemists’ Society, 4th edn., edited by D. Firestone, American Oil Chemists’ Society Press, Champaign, 1989.
Cho, S.W., and J.S. Rhee, Immobilization of Lipase for Effective Interesterification of Fats and Oils in Organic Solvent, Biotechnol. Bioeng. 41:204–210 (1993).
Li, Z.Y., and O.P. Ward, Lipase-Catalyzed Esterification of Glycerol and n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Concentrate in Organic Solvent, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 70:745–748 (1993).
Rasid, M., M. Jaais, M.S.A. Yusoff, and B.A. Elias, PORIM’s Experiments on Low-trans Margarine, Palm Oil Technical Bulletin, November 1996, pp. 9–13.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
About this article
Cite this article
Lai, O.M., Ghazali, H.M. & Chong, C.L. Effect of enzymatic transesterification on the melting points of palm stearin-sunflower oil mixtures. J Amer Oil Chem Soc 75, 881–886 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-998-0241-2
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-998-0241-2