Abstract
A series of cationic gemini surfactants containing different spacer length were synthesized and analyzed structurally. It was shown that the surface tension (σ) and critical micelle concentration (CMC), which had a maximum for the n-C4H8 spacer depended on the spacer length. The foaming ability and foam stability are high for the gemini surfactants with short spacers (C2H4 to n-C4H8), while longer spacers lead to a distinct decrease of these foam parameters. Foaming properties are discussed in terms of configuration and conformation of a surfactant molecule and in relation to micellization state kinetic.
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Acknowledgments
We kindly acknowledge S. Felsinger for recording NMR measurements and A. Charciarek for performing the foamability tests.
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Kuliszewska, E., Brecker, L. Gemini Surfactants Foam Formation Ability and Foam Stability Depends on Spacer Length. J Surfact Deterg 17, 951–957 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11743-014-1582-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11743-014-1582-5