Résumé
La survenue d’une douleur postopératoire est une situation qui dépend de facteurs préopératoires, peropératoires et postopératoires précoces. Les facteurs préopératoires sont multiples et se traduisent par une vulnérabilité plus ou moins élevée au développement d’une douleur directement liée à l’agression chirurgicale ainsi qu’à la signification de celle-ci dans un contexte biographique et environnemental déterminé. L’accent a été mis, ces dernières années, sur l’importance de la réduction des influx nociceptifs et la gestion de la douleur postopératoire précoce, pour limiter la probabilité d’une persistance d’une douleur postchirurgicale. Cependant, les facteurs de vulnérabilité préopératoires s’avèrent au moins aussi importants que ceux potentiellement gérables par optimisation de l’analgésie peropératoire et du geste chirurgical. Les données expérimentales vont en effet dans le sens d’une véritable mémorisation d’agressions antérieures, favorisant une hypersensibilité nociceptive ultérieure, phénomène particulièrement évident dans un contexte chirurgical, surtout s’il est posttraumatique ou d’ordre carcinologique, ou mettant en jeu un pronostic fonctionnel. La prise en compte de ces facteurs de vulnérabilité préopératoires incite à développer une véritable stratégie thérapeutique préventive basée sur des médicaments aux propriétés antihyperalgésiques ou à des alternatives non médicamenteuses.
Abstract
The occurrence of chronic postoperative pain depends on multiple factors, before surgery, during surgery and after it. These factors lead to more or less individual vulnerability, directly linked to the surgery itself but also in a given biographic context and determined environment. Recently, emphasis has been put on reducing nociceptive inputs during acute postoperative pain management, to limit the likelihood of chronic postoperative pain. It seems however that surgical vulnerability is as important as pain management for the optimization of surgical analgesia and the quality of the surgical act. Experimental data support the concept of an implicit memory for previous aggression, predisposing to personal nociceptive hypersensitivity, especially in the context of surgery, particularly if it is post-traumatic or carcinologic. Taking these vulnerability factors into account prompts us to develop new antihyperalgesic strategies based on pharmacological and non-pharmacological alternatives used prior to or just after surgery.
Références
Angst MS, Clark JD (2006) Opioid-induced hyperalgesia: a qualitative systematic review. Anesthesiology 104:570–587
Bessière B, Richebé P, Laboureyras E, et al (2007) Nitrous oxide (N2O) prevents latent pain sensitization and long-term anxietylike behavior in pain and opioid-experienced rats. Neuropharmacology 53(6):733–740
Célèrier E, Laulin JP, Corcuff JB, et al (2001) Progressive enhancement of delayed hyperalgesia induced by repeated heroin administration: a sensitization process. J Neurosci 21:4074–4080
Cipolla BG, Havouis R, Moulinoux JP (2007) Polyamine contents in current foods: a basis for polyamine reduced diet and a study of its long-term observance and tolerance in prostate carcinoma patients. Amino Acids 33:203–212
De Kock M, Lavand’homme P, Waterloos H (2001) ’Balanced analgesia’ in the perioperative period: is there a place for ketamine? Pain 92(3):373–380
Guignard B, Bossard AE, Coste C, et al (2000) Acute opioid tolerance: intraoperative remifentanil increases postoperative pain and morphine requirement. Anesthesiology 93(2):409–417
Kehlet H, Jensen TS, Woolf CJ (2006) Persistent postsurgical pain: risk factors and prevention. Lancet 367:1618–1625
Koppert W, Schmelz M (2007) The impact of opioid-induced hyperalgesia for postoperative pain. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol 21(1):65–83
Laulin JP, Célèrier E, Larcher A, et al (1999) Opiate tolerance to daily heroin administration: an apparent phenomenon associated with enhanced pain sensitivity. Neuroscience 89:631–636
Laulin JP, Maurette P, Corcuff JB, et al (2002) The role of ketamine in preventing fentanyl-induced hyperalgesia and subsequent acute morphine tolerance. Anesth Analg 94:1263–1269
Li CY, Zhang XL, Matthews EA, et al (2006) Calcium channel alpha2delta1 subunit mediates spinal hyperexcitability in pain modulation. Pain 125:20–34
Ménigaux C, Adam F, Guignard B, et al (2005) Preoperative gabapentin decreases anxiety and improves early functional recovery from knee surgery. Anesth Analg 100:1394–1399, (table of contents)
Richebé P, Rivat C, Creton C, et al (2005) Nitrous oxide revisited: evidence for potent antihyperalgesic properties. Anesthesiology 103(4):845–854
Richebé P, Rivat C, Laulin JP, et al (2005) Ketamine improves the management of exaggerated postoperative pain observed in perioperative fentanyl-treated rats. Anesthesiology 102(2):421–428
Rivat C, Laboureyras E, Laulin JP, et al (2007) Non-nociceptive environmental stress induces hyperalgesia, not analgesia, in pain and opioid-experienced rats. Neuropsychopharmacology 32:2217–2228
Rivat C, Laulin JP, Corcuff JB, et al (2002) Fentanyl enhancement of carrageenan-induced long-lasting hyperalgesia in rats: prevention by the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist ketamine. Anesthesiology 96(2):381–391
Rivat C, Richebé P, Laboureyras E, et al (2008) Polyamine deficient diet to relieve pain hypersensitivity. Pain 137(1):125–137
Simonnet G (2008) Preemptive antihyperalgesia to improve preemptive analgesia. Anesthesiology 108:352–354
Simonnet G, Rivat C (2003) Opioid-induced hyperalgesia: abnormal or normal pain? Neuroreport 14(1):1–7
Solomon RL, Corbit JD (1974) An opponent-process theory of motivation. I. Temporal dynamics of affect. Psychol Rev 81:119–145
Van Elstraete AC, Sitbon P, Mazoit JX, Benhamou D (2008) Gabapentin prevents delayed and long-lasting hyperalgesia induced by fentanyl in rats. Anesthesiology 108:484–494
Wilder-Smith OH, Arendt-Nielsen L (2006) Postoperative hyperalgesia: its clinical importance and relevance. Anesthesiology 104:601–607
Woolf CJ, Salter MW (2000) Neuronal plasticity: increasing the gain in pain. Science 288:1765–1769
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
About this article
Cite this article
Simonnet, G., Mick, G. Données expérimentales et cliniques concernant les mécanismes de l’hyperalgésie postopératoire. Douleur analg 22, 6–12 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11724-009-0121-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11724-009-0121-z